- 學位論文
解析台灣中美洲的政策及其對兩岸關係的影響 (2008-2016)
Examining Taiwan's Central American Policy and its Impact on Cross-strait Relations (2008-2016)
摘要
台灣作為一個獨立的國家，一直捍衛著自己的主權。台灣持續與中美洲、加勒比地區等9個國家，以及一個南美洲國家和教廷，保持盟友關係。 台灣退出聯合國之後，持續以一個獨立的主權國家自居。這件事及「一個中國」的政策，讓兩岸衝突從上個世紀延續至今。 近幾年，兩岸關係有一些變化。「外交休兵」讓和解成為可能，似乎改善了兩岸關係。這個「休兵」放慢台灣對於增加新盟友的目標。然而，隨著兩岸關係的發展，北京強化在拉美地區的存在感；北京增加其在中美地區的參與度，這有可能威脅到台灣盟友的失去。 本研究旨在研究，台灣的中美洲政策如何影響兩岸關係。此研究比起社會建構主義的方法更為重要，試圖加深台灣在中美洲地區之間的協同作用，促進雙方的發展，而這種相互作用或協同作用反過來又衝擊了兩岸關係。 本研究共有七章，分為三個部分。第一部分，詳述台灣、北京、中美洲關係發展的歷史背景，但不談論美國對於這三方的角色定位。第二部分，重點分析地緣政治的影響；自從巴拿馬共和國成為該地區經濟成長的領導地位，台灣中美洲政策與巴拿馬共和國、巴拿馬運河的關聯性。第三部分，論證台灣在中美洲影響的協同效應，以巴拿馬共和國做為案例研究。 為了建立協同效應，目前的研究將檢視台灣的外國政策，以巴拿馬作為個案研究。了解利害關係人的相互關係，有助於替代方案的建設及排除研究假設的替代方案。因此，本文將使用社會建構主義，來審視國家的身分和利益，再從整合過程中取得結論。 本文的分析，不會排除其他要素和分析工具，這有助於研究發展和對發現的理解。同樣地，這個案例研究會有相關資料加以補充，以及強調在中美洲地區的合作議題。 顯然，台灣的外交大本營在中美洲。台灣努力鞏固在這個地區的關係；毫無疑問地，遏制了任何忠於改變的方針。因此，本文的研究動機，是檢視協同效應的可能性，並仔細審視台灣與該地區的建設性互動。其次，強調北京在中美洲地區，不可否認日益增長的影響，並審視台灣與當地國家的建設性互動。第三，重申台灣在中美洲領土上的關係，並以此為其國家認同；同時，從新行動者的角度來觀察，中美洲地區和其與台灣間的關係發展。
並列摘要
The Republic of China has defended its sovereignty as an independent state, keeping the concentration of its allies in Central America and the Caribbean, and one, in South America besides the remaining nine around the orb which including the Holy See. After the expulsion of the United Nations, Taiwan continues in its race by the recognition of its identity as an independent sovereign state. This has generated the cross-strait conflict that has lasted since the last century along with policies such as "One China" that limit the diplomatic relations of countries that recognize one or another state. In recent years, there have been some changes: the "diplomatic truce" allowed a rapprochement that seemed to improve cross-strait relations. This "truce" slowed the Taiwanese target by limiting the achievement and addition of new allies. But as cross-strait relations improved, Beijing intensified its presence in the Latin American region, increasing its participation in the Central American region, which could threaten with the loss of Taiwan's allies. The present research aims to examine how Taiwan's Central American policy impacts cross-strait relations. The examining, more than anything else from a social constructivism approach, tries to deepen the possibility of a synergy between Taiwan in the Central American region that promotes the development for both actors, and this interaction or synergy, in turn, impinges the Cross-strait relations. The research consists of 7 chapters structured in three parts: the first part details the historical context of the development of the Taiwan-Beijing-Central America relations without this analysis excluding the role of the United States in relation to each actor. The second part is focused on analyzing the geopolitical implications and the relevance of the Republic of Panama and its Canal in Taiwan's Central American policy since Panama constitute the leader in economic growth in the region. The third part of the research aims to demonstrate a synergy of the Taiwan interaction in Central America, using the case of the Republic of Panama as a case study. In order to establish the synergy, the present research work will examine the foreign policy of Taiwan in Panama as a case study. Understanding this interrelationship between stakeholders will facilitate the construction of alternative scenarios that rule out the research hypothesis or not. Thus, the approach of social constructivism will be used, which examines identities and interests of the states, focusing on the results obtained from the integration process. This analysis will not be exclusionary of other elements and analytical tools that will facilitate the development of research and the understanding of the findings. Likewise, the case under study will also be complemented by the review of related information and that address the issue of cooperation in the Central American region. It is evident that the stronghold of Taiwan is in Central America and Taiwan strive to fortify the ties in the region, undoubtedly, to contain any approach that denotes a change of loyalties. The motivation of this research is, therefore, to examine the possibility of a synergy by which alternatives can be established that firstly, will allow forming a criteria based on observance of the development of Cross-strait relations under the Central American interaction scenario; Second, highlight the effects of Beijing's undeniable increasing presence in Central American region, and therewith scrutinize a constructive interaction between Taiwan and the actors into the region; And thirdly, to allow reaffirms Taiwan's relations in the Central American territory, and with this its state identity, while the developing of the Central American region and its relationship with Taiwan, as from the action of new actor is observed.