英國創意產業競爭力之研究－以電影產業為例

A Study of Competitiveness of Creative Industries in UK: The Case of Film Industry

楊凱琳(Kai-Lin Yang)

指導教授 ： 林立

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00211

摘要

英國自1997 年開始推動「創意產業」，由於布萊爾執政後的新政府，重視創意產業所帶來的效益，便整合相關部門，確立文化媒體體育部，積極推動產業發展。與此同時，將創意產業定義為「起源於個人的創造力、技能和才華，透過產生與開發為智慧財產權後，具有開創財富和就業機會的潛力」。創意產業是以創意作為核心發展出的文化相關產業，進而對國家經濟帶來貢獻，英國創意產業的成功經驗，刺激其他國家對創意產業的重視，也使知識與勞力密集的文化創意產業，成為21 世紀最具潛力的產業之一。

本研究以國家競爭優勢理論的角度切入，就英國電影產業的歷史發展與現況以及政府的相關扶持策略，分析英國電影產業的「需求條件」、「生產因素」、「相關與支援性產業」、「企業策略、結構和競爭程度」以及「政府的角色」，探討英國電影產業的互動結構和競爭條件。

英國創意產業成功之關鍵，在於產業藉由創意與創新為產業升級、政府政策的推動與輔助、相關學術單位的配合及教育，以及民間團體的支持與推廣。英國電影產業發展至今，雖然受美國電影產業的強勢發展影響，但在政府的輔助之下，結合專責電影產業相關事務之機構與民間力量，建立有效的資源整合網絡，塑造良好的產業環境以活絡產業發展，為國家帶來經濟效益。

關鍵字

英國 ； 創意產業 ； 電影產業 ； 競爭力

並列摘要

The concept of ‘creative industries’ was first taken up by the British government under the premiership of Tony Blair in 1997. After the Blair government was formed, the Department for Culture,Media and Sport (DCMS) is responsible for creative industries. The DCMS defines the creative industries as, “those industries which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property”. The creative industries are referred to culture-based creativity, in which do not only emphasize the 'creative' artistic component but also the impact to the national economy. Due to the industries has become a particular strength of the British economy, the concept has also been widely adopted by other countries. As a result, knowledge-based and labor-intensive cultural and creative industries become one
of the most potential industries in the 21st Centuries.

This paper is based on Michael Porter's diamond model to analyze the demand conditions, factor endowment, related and supporting industries, and strategy, structure and rivalry, and the role of government of British film industry in the history frame.

The key success factors of British creative industries focus on the collaboration for industries, academia and government agencies. The British film industry has experienced periods of boom and bust. Despite the industry has been profoundly influenced by the American film industry, British film industry has an outstanding performance and a strong international reputation. Since the interaction of industries and academia, and government agencies work out to create an environment for film support, the film industries make an important contribution to the British economy.

並列關鍵字

UK ； Creative industries ； Film industry ； Competitiveness

參考文獻

財團法人國家政策研究基金會 www.npf.org.tw/

Hartley, John (ed.) (2005), Creative Economy, Oxford:Blackwell.

Higson, Andrew (2011), Film England: Culturally English Filmmaking Since the 1990s, New York: I. B. Tauris.

Street, Sarah (2008), British National Cinema, UK: Routledge.

Dickinson, Margaret and Harvey, Sylvia (2005), “Film Policy in the United Kingdom: New Labour at the Movies”, The Political Quarterly, 76(3), pp. 420–429.