國民中小學普通教室氣流環境之研究 －以座向、走廊、遮陽、開窗與護欄模式為變因

A Study of Airflow Environment of Regular Classrooms in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools －Varied on Orientation, Patterns of Corridors, Shading Device, Windows and Railings

楊武泰(Wu-Tai Yang)

指導教授 ： 王文安

淡江大學/工學院/建築學系碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00073

摘要

論文提要內容：
本研究以國民中小學普通教室氣流環境為研究對象，運用CFD數值模擬解析方式探討校舍在貫流通風作用下，建築物座向、走廊形式與深度、遮陽形式與深度、開窗形式與位置、護欄形式對於教室內（老師授課區與學生上課區）與教室外（走廊活動區）氣流環境的影響。並從室內氣候舒適性的觀點擬定評估指標，以量化自然通風性能，進而將研究結果提供設計者做為建築設計的參考依據。

研究結果：
一、單邊走廊型校舍在東風吹拂下，建築物的座向以南北向優於東 西向。若進一步探討走廊位置對教室內氣流環境的影響，單邊走廊型校舍的座向為東西向時，走廊配置在校舍西側或東側，教室氣流環境的舒適度變化不大；單邊走廊型校舍的座向為南北向時，走廊配置在校舍南側或北側，教室氣流環境的舒適度維持不變。
二、為改善東西向單邊走廊型校舍（走廊在校舍東側）的教室氣流環境，在走廊計畫上建議採用淨寬180cm的雙邊走廊，在遮陽計畫上建議裝設深度比1.5的組合式格柵遮陽版，在開窗計畫上建議採用橫拉窗，並且分散水平向度的開窗位置或僅開氣窗，在護欄計畫上建議採用鋼筋混凝土矮牆。
三、為改善東西向單邊走廊型校舍（走廊在校舍西側）的教室氣流環境，在走廊計畫上建議採用淨寬180cm的雙邊改良走廊，在遮陽計畫上建議裝設深度比1.0的組合式格柵遮陽版，在開窗計畫上建議採用外推窗，若採用橫拉窗則建議分散水平向度的開窗位置或僅開氣窗，在護欄計畫上建議採用透空欄杆。
四、為改善南北向單邊走廊型校舍（走廊在校舍南/北側）的教室氣流環境，在走廊計畫上建議採用淨寬300cm的單邊走廊，在遮陽計畫上建議裝設深度比1.5的組合式垂直遮陽版，在開窗計畫上建議採用橫拉窗，並且分散水平向度的開窗位置，另外建議採用通氣窗台，在護欄計畫上建議採用鋼筋混凝土矮牆。

關鍵字

普通教室 ； CFD數值模擬解析 ； 貫流通風 ； 氣流環境 ； 室內氣候舒適性 ； 量化自然通風性能

並列摘要

Abstract：
The object of study in the research is airflow environment of regular classrooms in primary schools and secondary schools. Under the effect of cross ventilation, the research adopts CFD simulation to discuss airflow environment of regular classrooms influenced by variations in orientation, patterns of corridors, shading devices, windows and railings. In order to quantify the properties of ventilation to make the bases for designers proceeding architectural design, the research draws up the index from the viewpoint of the comfortable inside climate.

Result：
1. The schoolhouse with a single-side corridor fanned by east wind faces south-north better than east-west. If taking one step ahead to discuss the influence of a corridor position to the airflow environment of a regular classroom, the research shows the change of the comfortable level of the airflow environment of a regular classroom is limited when the schoolhouse with a single-side corridor faces east-west; the comfortable level of the airflow environment of a regular classroom is constant when the schoolhouse with a single-side corridor faces south-north.
2. In order to improve the airflow environment of the regular classroom of the schoolhouse facing east-west with a single-side corridor located at the east side of a schoolhouse, the research suggests the designer of a regular classroom adopts the double-side corridor which width is 180cm, the combinatorial egg-crated shading device which span-to-depth ratios is 1.5, the horizon-pulled window opened dispersedly in the horizontal vector or opened a transom only in the vertical vector, and the solid railing made of reinforced concrete.
3. In order to improve the airflow environment of the regular classroom of the schoolhouse facing east-west with a single-side corridor located at the west side of a schoolhouse, the research suggests the designer of a regular classroom adopts the improved double-side corridor which width is 180cm, the combinatorial egg-crated shading device which span-to-depth ratios is 1.0, the outside-pushed window or the horizon-pulled window opened dispersedly in the horizontal vector or opened a transom only in the vertical vector, and the permeable railing.
4. In order to improve the airflow environment of the regular classroom of the schoolhouse facing south-north with a single-side corridor located at the south or north side of a schoolhouse, the research suggests the designer of a regular classroom adopts the single-side corridor which width is 300cm, the combinatorial vertical shading device which span-to-depth ratios is 1.5, the horizon-pulled window opened dispersedly in the horizontal vector, the permeable windowsill, and the solid railing made of reinforced concrete.

並列關鍵字

regular classrooms ； CFD simulation ； orientation ； cross ventilation ； comfort of inside climate ； quantify the properties of ventilation

參考文獻

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參考文獻