歐盟水產品(fishery products)法規涉及農業、漁業與食品等面向,相關規定相當繁雜,非歐盟第三國出口至歐盟的水產品自生產、加工至投放市場供消費者食用等階段除了須符合一般食品法等基本食品法規外,非歐盟第三國的官方管制體系須符合新食品官方管制法。 歐盟藉由訂定水產品核可國家與廠場名單、要求第三國提交年度殘留物監測計畫、針對第三國官方管制系統執行稽核及建置官方管制資訊系統等管制措施,確認第三國輸銷歐盟的水產品官方管制與歐盟等效,並透過可追溯性(traceability)的基本原則,以管理整個水產品供應鏈達到歐盟相關規範,是「布魯塞爾效應」(Brussels effect)的體現。 本論文透過研析歐盟食品法規、歐盟水產品供應鏈的官方管制措施,並透過歐盟實地稽核我國報告,以我國水產品輸歐官方管理體系之運作與演進為例,探討歐盟水產品法規對供應鏈之影響。特別是歐盟2019年發布「歐洲綠色政綱」(Green Deal)後,在永續農業領域公告新共同農業政策及「自農場至餐桌策略」(Farm to Fork Strategy),頻繁修正動物用藥、農藥、環境污染物殘留標準及納入永續精神,透過國際貿易規則等強勢做法,促使第三國管理制度逐步與歐盟相同效果,將其政策貫徹擴大至全球。關於企業永續經營責任、碳足跡盤查、碳排放與碳匯之淨零及碳稅等政策,雖尚無具體規範要求農、漁業強制實施,然而未來歐盟是否擴大適用業別,值得我國水產品產業及官方管理體系持續關注以預為因應。
The EU legislation for fishery products related to agriculture, fishery and food is complex. The fishery products from third countries must meet various general food regulations for sanitary management and food control, from producing and processing via marketing to the final consumption. Therefore, the EU has enacted a series of regulations for food production, monitoring, auditing and controlling. In addition, the whole supply chain of fishery products must reach the EU standards by the traceability rules, which establishes a Brussels effet. This thesis first works on the EU food legal framework and official control measures of fishery products supply chain. Then, it focuses on the influence of the EU legislation of fishery products on the Taiwan’s official management of fishery products. With the European Green Deal in December 2019, the sustainable agriculture is a new trend. Finally, this thesis also concentrates on the new development of the sustainable supply chain of fishery products and its influence on Taiwan.