- 學位論文
教育擴張、研究所教育的報酬與薪資不均度：臺灣的實證研究
Educational Expansion, Returns to Graduate Education and Wage Inequality: Empirical Study of Taiwan
摘要
本研究旨在探討研究所教育擴張政策對於勞動市場之影響，並藉由實證模型估算私人與外部的教育報酬率，與分析勞動薪資不均的主要來源。本文也特別觀察與比較教育擴張的跨世代效果。 不同於以往的文獻多假設勞動供給外生給定，本文結合教育投資決策所形成的勞動供給面和勞動市場的需求面，做為研究之理論架構。實證資料來源為主計處之1995-2008年之「人力運用調查」。 重要結論如下：一、投資研究所教育金額或借款利率的降低等教育擴張政策對研究所程度勞動薪資之影響為負向，而對於研究所以下程度勞動薪資之影響為正向。二、研究所程度勞動之私人教育報酬率明顯較研究所以下高，其中研究所程度勞動的私人教育報酬率為16.7%，而研究所以下程度勞動的私人教育報酬率為3.2%；但在外部教育報酬率的估計上，顯示研究所教育擴張的外溢效果對研究所程度勞動之報酬的影響較研究所以下低。三、受到研究所教育的擴張，越晚出生的世代受到教育普及之衝擊，接受研究所教育之勞動的薪資增加率不若較早的世代。四、教育年數、職業及公司規模均為促使研究所及研究所以下程度勞動薪資組內不均的主要因子；影響研究所及大學程度勞動薪資組間差異的重要來源為年別與勞動工作地點為省轄市地區之效果。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of graduate educational expansion policies on the labor market. We estimate the returns to education, both in terms of private and external educational rates and analyze the main reasons for wage inequality. Particularly, We observe the cohort effects in this aspect. In contrast to most of the previous studies considering labor supply as given, we build up an integrated theoretical structure for this study by linking the supply sides that are developed from the educational investment policies and the demand sides of the labor market. Data used for this study is adopted from the 1995-2008 “Manpower Utilization Survey” issued by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Educational expansion policies, including investments in graduate education and the reduction of lending interest rates, will lower the return to workers of graduate school levels. On the contrary, such policies will lead to wage increases for workers of a lower education level. (2) In terms of the marginal private rate of return on education, those with graduate school degrees are receiving higher returns than those of lower educational levels. The private educational rate of return for master-degree labors is 16.7%. The private rate of return for workers at lower educational levels, on the other hand, is 3.2% on average. In terms of the marginal external rate of return on education, however, the influence of graduate educational expansion on labors with graduate school degrees is lower than that on labors with lower educational level. (3) The expansion of graduate school education has resulted in the popularization of higher education for the people of later generations, who are expecting lower wage increases than early generations after receiving graduate education. (4) The key factors causing wage inequality among those with graduate school degrees and those at lower educational levels include: the number of years receiving education, occupation and business scope of the company. As for the wage difference between those with graduate school degrees and those of university level, the key reasons causing such differences include the number of years receiving education and the location of workplace.