中國工會研究：歷史、結構、制度、功能

A study of Chinese labor unions : history, structurer, system and function

康美(Mei- Kang)

指導教授 ： 李志強

共同指導教授 ： 蔡青蓉(Ching-Jung Tsai)

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00257

摘要

中國政權可說是奠基於勞工運動，1949年10月1日政權成立後，工會運動的首要任務之一便是把全國工人群眾組織起來。因此，1950年6月，《中華人民工會法》頒布實施，以法律形式確定中國工會組織在中國政治體系中的地位和作用，推動了工會組織的發展。直到2017年上的60餘年間，中國工會的組織系統不斷隨著社會變遷進行各項調整，尤其自改革開放後，中國工會為適應不斷發展變化的新形勢，工會結構持續重整、工會理論不斷創新、工作功能與時俱進，對維持社會的穩定和諧扮演了重要角色。
值此中國具中國特色社會主義發展逐漸展現成效之際，加上兩岸民間交流日益活絡，除臺灣企業界爭相赴大陸投資外，彼此工會團體的頻繁互訪亦蓬勃發展。惟兩岸間的工會組織名稱雖同，然功能性與在政府結構上的定義卻完全相異，惜國人大多不明就裡，致衍生諸多誤會與錯判情勢，進而造成糾紛與重大損失。
因此，本研究即思從歷史、結構、制度與功能等面向，徹底剖析中國工會，以期使國內與中國工會相互往來的各企業與團體能全面認識大陸工會的實質內涵，從而在進行各項交流或投資計劃時，能做出最有利和最完善的判斷及選擇，俾避免政治、財務上的風險。

關鍵字

工會 ； 改革開放 ； 工會歷史 ； 工會結構 ； 工會制度 ； 工會功能

並列摘要

The Chinese regime was created from the labor movement. When the regime was formed on October 1, 1949, the first task of the union movement is to organize the working masses across the country. Thus, the Trade Union Law of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated and implemented in June 1950. Laws established the position and role of Chinese trade unions in the Chinese political system, which drove union development. Over 60 years, up to 2017, the Chinese union organization system continuously adjusted to social change. Ever since the reform, Chinese unions have reorganized union structure, innovated union theory, and promoted their work function in response to continuous developmental changes. Thus, unions play an important role in maintaining social stability and harmony.
In view of the fact that socialist development with Chinese characteristics is gradually showing results, and the fact that civilian exchange between the two straits is increasingly active, Taiwan’s companies have invested significantly in China and trade unions have frequently visited each other. However, although the names of trade unions are the same on both sides of the strait, their function and their position in the government structure are completely different. Unfortunately, most Taiwanese do not understand this, which has resulted in many misunderstandings and erroneous judgments and caused disputes and major losses.
Thus, Chinese unions are analyzed in depth from historical, structural, system, and function perspectives in this study. The objective is to allow companies and groups that interact with unions in Taiwan and China to comprehensively understand Chinese unions, so that they can use the most beneficial determination and comprehensive choice to avoid political and financial risk when conducting various exchange and investment plan.

並列關鍵字

trade unions ； start of reforms ； union history ； union structure ； union system ； union function

參考文獻

參考文獻

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2. 《工會法》，北京中國工人出版社，2017年1月版。

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4. 《中國工會章程學習問答》，北京中國工人出版社，2013年10月版。