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  • 學位論文

柔性鋪面道路試驗資料之軸重當量因子初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of Load Equivalency Factors of the AASHO Road Test Flexible Pavement Data

指導教授 : 李英豪

摘要


鋪面績效資料即是一種極為常見的多層次資料。當利用傳統迴歸方法來分析此種資料時,常會發現違反了對隨機誤差所做的常態分配與固定變異數的假設。因這類型的資料具有層級性,現在通常是採用線性混合效果(LME)模式來分析。線性混合效果模式在資料探索分析、統計模式構建、模式評估與驗證等方面通常會較傳統迴歸分析來得複雜。因此黃思齊(2010)利用美國AASHO道路試驗的柔性鋪面原始資料,成功使用於線性混合效果模式來建立之現況服務能力指標值(PSI)預測式。 本研究將持續探討及驗證線性效果模式之適用性,並實際應用於建立軸重當量因子(EALF或LEFs) ,以提高線性混合效果模式之可信度。此外,本研究將擬選用之不同迴歸方法來進行預測與分析,其中包括:投影追逐迴歸法(PPR)、小區域迴歸法(LOESS)、非線性迴歸(NLS),並嘗試分開建立單、雙軸之柔性鋪面設計公式,以解決原AASHO柔性鋪面設計公式中不合理之情形。其本研究所建立之柔性鋪面設計公式,在預測Log(W)與W時所得之預測結果,皆較原AASHO柔性鋪面設計公式要來的準確,且建立之軸重當量因子亦有符合工程常理。 而本研究利用不同迴歸分析方法所得之軸重當量因子(LEFs),若與原AASHO柔性鋪面設計公式所得之軸重當量因子相比較,可發現軸重當量因子有明顯差異,主要差異在於本研究所得之軸重當量因子並不為四次方經驗法則,故針對四次方經驗法則之評估與適用性,應可再進一步的深入研究與探討。

並列摘要


Pavement performance data is a very common example of multilevel data. While analyzing this type of data using conventional regression techniques, the normality assumptions with random errors and constant variance were often violated. Because of its hierarchical data structure, multilevel data are often analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effects (LME) models. The exploratory analysis, statistical modeling, and the examination of model-fit of LME models are more complicated than those of standard multiple regressions. A preliminary LME model for PSI prediction was developed by Huang (2010) using the original AASHO road test flexible pavement data. This is a continuous study to explore and validate the applicability of the aforementioned preliminary LME model particularly on the potential use of equivalent axle load factors (EALF) or load equivalency factors (LEF). Necessary steps have been made to enhance the existing LME model. In addition, projection pursuit regression, local regression and nonlinear regression techniques were also adopted in an attempt to develop modified flexible pavement design equations for single- and tandem- axle loads separately. Various load equivalency factors have been derived using different predictive models and compared to the existing LEFs of the AASHTO guides. Even though reasonable results have been obtained, the newly derived LEFs representing quite a departure from the well-known fourth-power rule should be cautioned and further investigated.

參考文獻


15.李英豪、張德文,「台灣地區鋪面工程之研究與展望」鋪面工程,中華鋪面工程學會會刊,「第一卷第三期, 第 80-101頁,2002。
19.黃思齊,「線性混合效果模式在柔性鋪面道路試驗資料之初步分析」,淡江大學土木工程研究所碩士論文,2010。
20.吳佩樺,「柔性鋪面績效預測模式之建立」,淡江大學土木工程研究所碩士論文,2006。
2.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Guide forDesign of Pavement Structures (Volume 1), AASHTO, 1986, 1993.
4.Friedman, J. H. and W. Stuetzle, “Projection Persuit Regression,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol.76, pp. 817-823, 1981.

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