- 學位論文
從開放取用期刊出版特徵與影響力視角探討醫學領域期刊文章處理費之研究
A Study of the Open Access Journal Article Process Charge in Medical：The Perspectives of Journal Publishing Characteristics and Citation Impact
摘要
隨著OA期刊數量逐漸增加，其複雜的運作方式與收取高額出版費的做法，逐漸受到學術社群的關注與質疑。本研究主要目的為探討影響醫學領域OA期刊，APC機制差異之相關因素，從期刊出版與影響力視角，依序分析期刊出版機構、刊物特徵，以及影響係數、學科排名和立即指數等影響力指標與APC定價高低之關聯性。本研究對象為2017年版JCR-SCIE所收錄之醫學領域完全OA期刊，並透過WoS資料庫的SCI-EXPANDED篩選出在JCR標示為非OA但有出版OA文章的複合式期刊，總計分析47個醫學相關學科，各學科共計收錄3,420種OA期刊，扣除重複則共有2,665種。 研究結果顯示：醫學領域OA期刊出版數方面，各學科的比率皆超過七成，在MEDICINE, LEGAL學科中，期刊皆採複合式OA模式出版，故所佔比率達100%為整體領域最高。刊物特徵表現方面，MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL創刊數量集中在1930年代以前，而期刊出版週期中位數達每年12次，故為整體醫學領域中發展最早且出版頻率最高之學科；OA出版文章數則以TROPICAL MEDICINE中位數達96篇為全體最高。APC計價方式與金額分布方面，醫學領域APC計價可分為六大面向，以收取固定APC金額期刊最多（79.95%）；各期刊APC收取費用差異極大，金額介於113至6,000美元，其中以收取3,000美元期刊為最多（32.25%），且由Springer Nature所出版的 Diabetes Therapy（6,000美元）收取費用最高；以學科角度而言，APC金額以ALLERGY中位數3,295美元為全體最高，而出版機構則以商業型出版社收取中位數2,949美元為最高。在刊物特徵關聯性方面，APC金額與創刊年於統計學上並無呈現顯著的相關性，與出版頻率及OA文章數則分別呈現低度正相關與低度負相關，表示APC金額可能會受其表現差異而所影響。在期刊指標關聯性方面，APC金額與期刊IF和II值皆具有相關性，學科排名僅在Q1和Q4兩區間內具有顯著性，表示排名越高的期刊APC收取金額可能越高，而排名較低的期刊APC金額可能相對較低。 根據研究結果提出以下建議：期刊出版機構提供訂定APC金額的參考依據，且應將APC資訊置於投稿者易注意的「投稿須知」頁面說明、作者於投稿前應瞭解期刊APC機制的相關內容，並評估其費用的合理性、國家科技政策制定者應關注OA期刊的發展且提出因應政策、研究資助機構應擬定相關資助辦法與經費審核規範。
並列摘要
As the number of open access (OA) journals gradually increases, their complex operation and high publication fees have attracted the attention of the academic community. This study mainly explored the relevant factors affecting the differences in OA journals and article processing charge (APC) mechanisms in the medical field. The characteristics of journal publishing institutions and publications as well as influence factors such as impact factor (IF), ranking, and immediate index (II) and their correlation with APC price were systematically analyzed. The research objects were full OA journals in the medical field of the 2017 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Science Citation Index Expanded. In the Web of Science (WoS) Science Citation Index Expanded database, hybrid journals marked as non-OA in the JCR but published OA articles were selected. In total, 47 medical disciplines were analyzed. 3,420 OA journals were included in related disciplines, and 2,665 journals were included after excluding duplicates. The following results were obtained: (1) The proportion of journals with OA publishing for various medical disciplines was more than 70%. Because all journals in the MEDICINE, LEGAL category had hybrid OA publishing models, the percentage of OA journals this category was 100%, which was the highest among all disciplines. (2) In terms of publication characteristics, the first issues of publications in the MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL category were concentrated at before the 1930s, with a median publication period of 12 times per year. Therefore, it was the oldest and most frequently published discipline in the medical field. The number of OA articles was highest in the TROPICAL MEDICINE category with a median of 96. (3) APC pricing in the medical field could be divided into six major methods, with most journals (79.95%) charging a fixed price. APCs varied greatly between journals, ranging from US$113 to US$6,000, journals charging US$3,000 were most (32.25%). The highest fees (US$6,000) were charged by Diabetes Therapy, published by Springer Nature. Median APCs were highest (US$3,295) in the ALLERGY category, and publishing agencies charged the most (median, US$2,949) for commercial publishers. (4) APC amount were not significantly correlated with year of publication and had weakly positive and weakly negative correlations with publication frequency and number of OA articles, respectively, suggesting that APC amount is affected by journal performance. In terms of journal indicator relevance, APC amount was related to journal IF and II values, and ranking was significant only in the two intervals of Q1 and Q4, indicating that high-ranking journals charged more, whereas low-ranking journals charged less. Suggestions based on the findings of this study are as follows: (1) Journal publishing agencies should provide references for establishing APCs, and this information should be placed on the “Instructions to Authors” page for contributors to easily access. (2) Authors should understand a journal’s APC mechanism before submitting a manuscript and evaluate the rationale of its fees. (3) National science and technology policy makers should observe OA journal development and propose corresponding policies. (4) Research funding agencies should formulate relevant funding methods and review their specifications.