以藍牙信標做為非接觸式電子票證之應用研究

Applied Research on Contactless e-Tickets using Bluetooth Beacon Technology

林冠宏(Kuan-Hung Lin)

指導教授 ： 林其誼

淡江大學/工學院/資訊工程學系碩士班/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2020.00252

摘要

隨著科技化的發展，物聯網應用已成為近年來蓬勃發展的項目之一，使得現今許多設備皆主打著可連接網路，並且透過智慧型手機安裝相對應的應用程式(APP)即可控制設備、管理機器與收集資訊。若此時結合大數據之應用，將訊息加以分析與學習使用習慣，以各種形式反饋於使用者，讓現今的生活更加便利外，也增加許多提示，給使用者更注意生活。
由於全球衛星定位系統(GPS)於室內定位時常產生極大的誤差，而且無法由GPS計算出使用者位於的樓層，因此基於Wi-Fi及藍牙(Bluetooth)等無線訊號之室內定位應用的技術不斷衍生而出。其中，低耗電與低建置成本的低功耗藍牙(Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE)。而基於BLE技術所制訂的藍牙信標(Beacon)，也因此具有低耗電的優點，使Beacon應用不斷延伸發展。
本論文將以Beacon的室內定位概念為基礎，同時利用Beacon作為使用者的電子票證。這有別於固定Beacon這種常見的配置方式，而是由使用者攜帶Beacon裝置，再由固定位置的兩台Raspberry Pi 4設置為接收器，藉由比較兩台接收器所感測到的接收信號強度指標(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI)可計算出使用者移動的方向，同時結合OpenCV之影像辨識，來達到使用非接觸式電子票證之應用。本研究可運用於電影院或遊樂場等應用場景，達成減少工作人力的配置，也能在疫情流行時期，減少人與人的接觸。

關鍵字

物聯網 ； 低功耗藍牙 ； 藍牙信標 ； OpenCV

並列摘要

With the development of technology, the Internet of Things application has become one of the booming projects in recent years, so that many devices today are mainly connected to the Internet, and can be controlled by installing the corresponding application (APP) through the smartphone. Equipment, management machines and information collection. If you combine the application of big data at this time, analyze the information and learn the habit of use, and feedback it to the user in various forms, so that today's life is more convenient, and many tips are added to give the user more attention to life.

Since the global positioning system (GPS) often generates great errors in indoor positioning, and the floor where the user is located cannot be calculated by GPS, the technology of indoor positioning applications based on wireless signals such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (Bluetooth) is continuously derived Out. Among them, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with low power consumption and low installation cost. The Bluetooth beacon (Beacon) developed based on BLE technology also has the advantage of low power consumption, making Beacon applications continue to develop.

This thesis will be based on Beacon's indoor positioning concept, while using Beacon as the user's electronic ticket. This is different from the common configuration method of fixed Beacon, but the user carries the Beacon device, and then two fixed Raspberry Pi 4 set up as receivers by comparing the received signals sensed by the two receivers Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) can calculate the direction of user movement, and combined with OpenCV's image recognition to achieve the application of contactless electronic tickets. This research can be applied to movie theaters or playgrounds and other application scenarios to achieve a configuration that reduces work manpower and can also reduce human-to-human contact during epidemic outbreaks.

並列關鍵字

Internet of Things ； Bluetooth Low Energy ； Bluetooth Beacon ； OpenCV

參考文獻

[1] iBT數位建築雜誌, “一探究竟Sigfox、LoRa、NB-IoT-物聯網世代的無線傳輸技術,” [線上]. Available: http://www.ibtmag.com.tw/new_article.asp?ar_id=25557. [存取日期: 07 2020].

[2] Apple, “iBeacon,” [線上]. Available: https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/. [存取日期: 07 2020].

[3] Google, “Mark up the world using beacons,” [線上]. Available: https://developers.google.com/beacons. [存取日期: 07 2020].

[4] R. Networks, “AltBeacon,” [線上]. Available: https://altbeacon.org/. [存取日期: 07 2020].

[5] BluetoothSIG, “Get Your Beac On Part 1,” [線上]. Available: https://www.bluetooth.com/blog/get-your-beac-on-part-1/. [存取日期: 07 2020].