東日本大地震後之日本電力供給研究

日本於2011年3月發生東日本大地震，伴隨而來的海嘯引發了福島第一核能發電廠的核災事故，使得日本陷入了電力供給不足的危機。　　東日本大地震發生前，核能發電約佔日本總發電量的23%，而且被視為是發電效益極高且安全的發電方式。然而東日本大地震後，福島第一核能發電廠事故所引發的輻射線外洩的安全疑慮，日本政府下令停止核能發電廠運轉，同時仰賴火力發電來補足核能供電不足的危機。　　在日本民間要求廢除核能發電的聲浪中，政府提出了三種電力選擇方案，分別是完全廢除核能發電、將核能發電比例降至15%、將核能發電比例降至20%~25%。在這過程中，低汙染且能永續利用的再生能源，再度引起民眾及民間企業得關注。另一方面，再生能源開發所面臨的課題包括高成本、易受自然環境及地形因素所限制，以及現行的導入制度是否完備等。　　綜合上述幾點，筆者針對東日本大地震發生後兩年內，日本的電力供給現況進行調查並探討再生能源的導入可能性及相關課題。同時在今後討論日本電力供給問題時，安定的電力供給是一個必須參考的觀點。

關鍵字

東日本大地震；福島第一核能發電廠事故；廢核；再生能源；電力供給

並列摘要

The occurrence of the Tohoku Earthquake in Japan in March, 2011, accompanied by the tsunami it caused, had resulted in the disaster of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, which made Japan suffer from short supply of power. Before the Earthquake, nuclear power took 23% of electricity generated nationwide and was considered highly-efficient and safe. However, the aftermath of the Earthquake had caused great anxiety of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant’s radiation leak. In response to such panic, Japanese authority ordered all nuclear reactors to be closed, and used fossil-fuel plant to make up the electricity in short. As waves of public opinion arise among Japanese society, demanding to put nuclear power to an end, the government proposed 3 plans for people to choose from, to end nuclear power completely, to lower the proportion of it to 15%, to 20%~25%, respectively. Meanwhile, people and corporations had once again put their attention to renewable resources, which are cleaner and more sustainable. On the other hand, the tasks of developing renewable resources had become more important than ever, including the higher cost, the environmental limitation, and applicability of such new technology under current policy. To conclude all above, the author will begin with the research of power supply’s condition in Japan within 2 years of the catastrophe with an aim to explore the applicability of renewable resources and other related study in Japan, and to offer a view of the importance of stable supply of energy when discussing about issues of electricity supply in the country henceforth.