本文主要取用唐代之前的文獻為材料,探析道教北斗信仰之淵源。 先秦兩漢典籍中,在眾多「四時」、「八節」資料中,北斗的線索不多,因此,北斗星本身雖因位於恆顯圈,終年為北半球居民所見,計時、定向等實用功能在古籍中有明確的記載,但應當還有其他文化上的面向,促使北斗成為華夏民族信仰的對象,甚至在道教信仰中,形成眾多型態的修鍊方法。 我們認為,先秦兩漢之時,北斗星已有「氣神」的元素,從而型塑道教氣神論的觀念。此外,從在「月建」、「元氣」、「中」、「天中」、「道」等主題的論述裡,可以看到北斗獲得推尊、文化意涵漸次增衍的過程。 藉由道經與世書的對讀,本文希望說明道教在「謝過」、懺悔方面的認知,從而表明修鍊者的內心世界。其次,從「專注於一」、「恍惚」主題中,我們看到上清經對修鍊經驗的描述,與《老子》等書的記載,是有所承襲的。其三,道經「天關」之說,與漢代「天門」只有部分關連,而「天關」與宇宙週期變化的「劫期」息息相關,至於劫期的計算方式,或許也可以成為區分道經之道派屬性時,所參酌的條件。其四,先秦兩漢典籍對「北斗所擊」、斗柄指向多所記載,本文試圖說明其與道教「戴斗辟鬼」之寓意,具備何種聯繫。其五,《太上玄靈北斗本命延生真經》用十二地支分別配合北斗七星,以連繫個人的財祿與命運,本文以為地支應指「年份」。
My thesis mainly takes the documents before the Tang Dynasty, I want to analysis the belief of the Big Dipper(Beidou)in the Taoist. In the pre-Qin and Han Dynasty, in many data, Beidou's clues are not many, therefore, although the Big Dipper itself is located in the constant display circle, all the year round for the residents of the northern hemisphere see, but there should be other aspects, to promote Beidou to become the object of the Chinese national faith. We believe that at that time, Beidou had the formation of the concept of "Qi God", and in the "Middle", "Heaven", "Tao", "vitality" and other topics of the discussion, you can see the process of Beidou being pushed, it has the cultural significance, and timing, orientation and other practical functions, parallel.