人力資本、創新資本對物流績效之影響

物流業是一項商品流通的過程，包含倉儲、運輸、採購、生產規劃、物料配置、庫存管理、配送、訂單處理及服務顧客等活動，。此外，近年來電商零售的蓬勃發展，也帶動物流業的產業起飛。隨著商機越來越大，投入物流產業的企業也越來越多，所以產業逐漸走向價格競爭的紅海市場。另一方面，台灣逐漸邁向高齡化、少子化的國家，勞動人口也逐年下降。面對這些內外在的挑戰，一向是勞力密集的物流業勢必要進行企業轉型，並思考如何透過創新來帶動企業升級，因此本研究者將探討透過人力資本跟創新資本的提升，是否會對物流效率帶來正向影響。本研究選用倉儲物流業、第三方物流業、有自有物流之零售批發業、製造加工業、電商產業為研究樣本，以網路問卷方式發放，回收有效問卷323份，並使用敘述性統計、信效度分析、獨立T檢定、與單因子變異數及結構方程模型。主要研究結論為: (1) 人力資本對創新資本有正向效果 (2) 創新資本對物流績效為正向效果 (3) 人力資本對創新資本有正向效果。最後，依研究結論提出對物流業與物流部門的具體建議，將可提升物流績效，進而對公司經營績效也會有所提升。

關鍵字

人力資本；創新資本；物流績效

並列摘要

The logistic industry is a process of commodity circulation, including warehousing, transportation, procurement, production planning, material configuration, inventory management, distribution, order processing and customer service, etc. Moreover, due to the vigorous development of e-commerce retail in recent years, the logistic industry has taken off. With the increasing business opportunities, more and more companies have invested in the logistic industry, gradually moving towards the price-competitive Red Sea market. On the other hand, Taiwan is gradually moving to the low fertility rate, ageing, and declining in the working population. In the face of the internal and external challenges, the labor-intensive logistic industry has been necessary to carry out corporate transformation, and thinks how to promote enterprise upgrading through innovation. Therefore, this study will explore whether the improvement of human capital and innovation capital will have a positive impact on logistics efficiency. This study takes warehousing and logistic industry, third-party logistic industry, retail and wholesale industry with its own logistics, manufacturing and processing industry, and e-commerce industry as the research samples. We collected 323 valid questionnaires by online-survey. We use narrative statistics, reliability and validity analysis,independent T test, single factor variance and structural equation model. This study has the following main conclusions: 1. Human capital has a positive effect on innovation capital. 2. Innovation capital has a positive effect on logistics performance. 3. Human capital has a positive effect on innovation capital. Finally, according to the research conclusions, specific suggestions for the logistic industry and the logistic department will improve the logistics performance, and then improve the company’s operating performance.