後設認知技能涉入諮商員個案概念化過程研究--以專家與新手諮商員為例

The analysis of metacognition involved in counseling process–The comparison between the expert and novice counselors

魏瑜雯(Wei,Yu-wen)

指導教授 ： 柯志恩

淡江大學/教育學院/教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00298

摘要

本研究旨在探討諮商過程中，後設認知技能對諮商員個案概念化過程的影響，並進一步分析專家諮商員與新手諮商員在諮商歷程中後設認知涉入的狀況及其差異，透過訪談兩位專家與兩位新手諮商員，了解其後設認知技能涉入個案概念化過程的情形，並統整出脈絡與原則，作爲未來諮商人力品質的提昇提供參考架構。本研究採用深度晤談法，以半結構式的訪談大綱，對受訪諮商員進行訪談，以個案概念化檢核表、訪談大綱、後設認知分類系統為主要的研究工具，以開放性編碼方式分析歸納，研究結果如下：
一、 知識基模影響自我連結的差異。
二、 在主題間的關聯性上，專家的自我連結較新手更為迅速、細膩、準確而多元。
三、 專家與新手都能夠自我覺知到本身狀況與其個人特質對諮商的影響，惟其著重面向不同。
四、 專家自我選擇技能優於新手，而新手則容易受到督導的影響。
五、 專家在各方面均能達到自我監控，而新手有時過於僵化且易受到瑣碎訊息影響。
六、 專家能夠依照現有資料自我計畫而形成歷程性目標，新手則否。
七、 專家較能夠依據個案狀況，不斷自我修正對個案的假設、目標及策略，新手則較少調整與修正。
八、 專家諮商員從未「有意識」地覺知到他們正在使用後設認知技能，而新手因學習經驗而對於正使用後設認知有所覺知。
九、 新手諮商員在訪談後會有被督導的感覺，而專家則無此回饋。
最後研究者依據研究結果提出數項建議，以提供諮商實務及未來研究兩方面的參考。

關鍵字

後設認知技能 ； 個案概念化 ； 專家諮商員 ； 新手諮商員

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore how the metacognitive skills influences the process of counselors’ case conceptualization, and further analyze the conditions and differences between experienced counselors and novice counselors in a counseling process. By interviewing two experts and two novice counselors, we can better understand how metacognitive skills influence case conceptualization process. Furthermore, we can summarize its sequence of ideas as well as its principles to provide future counselors better reference-frameworks in order to promote counseling quality. This study uses the in-depth interviews and semi-structured guideline to interview the counselors; using the checking list of case conceptualization, interview summary, and classification system of metacognition as research tools; analyze and sum up by open-code method. The results are as below:
1. Knowledge schema influences difference in self-connection.
2. In subject-connection, expert counselors’ self-connecting are more quickly, exquisitely, correctly and diversely than novice counselors’.
3. Both experts and novice counselors are able to aware how different situations and personalities influence counseling, however, the focus is different.
4. In the self-selecting system, experts are better than novice counselors because novice counselors are easily affected by the supervisions.
5. Expert counselors provide better self-monitoring. In contrast, novice counselors are sometimes tense and easily disturbed by trivial information.
6. Expert counselors can achieve processing goals by self-planning according to the available information. In contrast, novice counselors can’t.
7. Expert counselors are able to revise the assumptions, targets and strategies of counseling cases according to different situations. In contrast, novice counselors do it less.
8. Expert counselors never consciously aware that they are using the metacognitive skills. However, novice counselors can aware, when they are using it .because they have learned it.
9. Novice counselors feel that they are supervised after interviews while experts do not.
Finally, based on the results of this research, the researcher offers some recommendations as reference materials for both counseling practice and future studies.

並列關鍵字

metacognitive skills ； case conceptualization ； expert counselor ； novice counselor

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