曲面構造之可適形態與參數化製造研究

A Study of Adaptive Morphology and Parametric Fabrication on the Processing of Surface Structures

陳宏銘(Hung-Ming Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳珍誠

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系博士班/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00404

摘要

由於NURBS電腦繪圖模型與參數化設計在電腦輔助設計上的影響，發展出許多有機的複雜造型。電腦繪圖中的形式操作日益豐富，但是如何將電腦上所繪製的形體於真實世界中製造並實體化出來是很大的挑戰。複雜形體的數位製造方法經常是以非典型的工法、構造或材料結合數位製造程序完成。本研究中嘗試以NURBS曲面的數位製造實驗，歸納出複雜形體的製造方法。本研究將曲面數位製造實驗分成三個階段，分別以不同的方式討論與處理NURBS曲面的構成方式。

「參數化製造」是將數位製造過程中可以參數化的部份加以處理，進而達到客製化製造的任務。本研究是由一個休憩裝置的數位製造開始，嘗試將NURBS曲面建構規則中的等參數曲線（Iso-Curve）對應到不同的結構形式。並嘗試以不同材料、接頭的加工與細部設計，將材料與加工條件編碼後發展出各種榫頭與元件。第二階段由NURBS的演算規則切入，參考生物學領域描述形態的研究─可適形態（Adaptive Morphology），藉由相似的形態之構成邏輯去討論由局部形塑整體的形態構成方法，發展出以元件組合成整體曲面構造的可能方式。第三階段則由構造與材料切入，實驗參數化的曲面製造程序與動態的製造方法。在參數化製造的程序中不僅是單純的使用數位製造工具而已，而是將形體幾何、物件關係與製造條件等關聯，定義在關聯式模型的架構中，進而能夠發展出大量客製化的製造模型。

製造複雜形體的方法，脫離不了形態學與拓樸學，在本研究一開始嘗試透過傳統化約曲面、組件與元件三者不同尺度的幾何關係，建立一個檢驗與衍生的系譜。在此系譜中討論元件單元的製造，組合出具有織理性的曲面構造。並討論材料、密度、屬性與接合等條件，對應製造後不同類型形式與結構的差異，定義出可適化曲面構造的構成要素與條件。根據本研究的成果歸納出參數化製造形態生成連續且差異化的方法，期待能為下階段參數曲面化設計發展帶來不同的討論方向。

關鍵字

可適形態 ； 關聯式模型 ； 衍生式設計 ； 參數化製造 ； 數位製造

並列摘要

Thanks to the influences of computer graphics model and parametric design on computer-aided design, many complex organic forms are thereby generated. Although formal operations of computer graphics become diversified, how to fabricate and materialize the forms drawn on the computer into the real world remains a great challenge. The digital fabrication of complex forms is often completed via atypical construction method, structure or materials combined with digital fabrication process. This research attempts to employ digital fabrication experiment of NURBS surface to induce fabrication methods of complex forms, and divides the digital fabrication experiment of NURBS surface into three stages in order to respectively discuss and handle the constructive method of NURBS from different perspectives.

"Parametric Fabrication" deals with what can be parameterized in the digital fabrication process to satisfy the mission of customization. This research started from the digital fabrication as recreational equipment, trying to correspond to the Iso-Curve defined in the construction rules of NURBS surface to different structure forms, and to develop various tenons and components by using different materials, processing and detailed designs of the connectors after encoding the materials and processing conditions. The second stage refers to the research that describes morphology, namely adaptive morphology, in biology and focuses on the calculus rules of NURBS. It utilizes the similar constructive logics of form construction to discuss the constructive method of how small parts add up to a whole, and thus develops possible methods of the formation of an overall surface by small elements. The third stage aims at construction and materials, experimenting on the parameterization of surface fabrication process and dynamic fabrication methods. The parameterization of the fabrication process does not naively utilize tools for digital fabrication, but defines the correlations among physical geometry, object relations and production conditions in the context of associative modeling, so as to pave ways to a large number of customized fabrication models.

The fabrication methods of complex forms have been closely related to morphology and topology. Therefore, this research firstly tries to establish a spectrum of examination and generation via three different scales of geometric correlations among traditional reductive surface, components and elements. This spectrum mainly talks about the fabrication of elements composed to be a rational surface. It also describes the different conditions of materials, density, property and connection compared with different types, models and structures after fabrication, aiming to define the constructive elements and conditions of the adaptive surface. It is expected that the continuous and different methods of parameterization of form fabrication induced by the research results can hopefully bring along different directions of discussions on the development of parametric surface in the next stage.

並列關鍵字

Adaptive Morphology ； Associative Modeling ； Generative Design ； Parametric Fabrication ； Digital Fabrication

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