This study investigates the relationships between female labor participation rate and fertility rate in 180 countries over the period 1990-2016 using a pooled OLS regression approach. The empirical results show that, on average or in general, there is a significant negative relationship between female labor participation rate and fertility rate, even if the social status is taken into account. Moreover, the negative impact of female labor participation rate on fertility rate exists in non-OECD countries, but not in OECD countries. Our analysis thus implies the governments need to consider economic conditions to incentive the fertility rate.