中共推動「一國兩制」對台統戰「集體身分」實踐之研究

中共為實踐國家統一目的，堅持「一個中國」原則，對台灣問題以「一國兩制」為大政方針，中共必須運用「統一戰線」作為，企圖建構兩岸共有「集體身分」，以實踐「和平統一，一國兩制」目標；本論文以建構主義為研究途徑，透過文獻分析方法，以Wendt社會建構主義「集體身分」觀點，分析兩岸之間「身分」的建構過程與因素形成，「身分」確立也決定利益所在，為檢視中共「集體身分」構成要件與實踐，透過主要變項指標用可操作模型概念架構加以分析。習近平2019年提出「習五條」，並以探索「兩制台灣」方案為國家統一進程，中共推動「一國兩制」成效，應依據台灣民眾接受程度高低，就國家客觀利益思考，應有「生存威脅、獨立自主、財富自由、集體自尊」等項，另「集體身分」的建構主要四個變數，為「相互依存、共同命運、同質性」及有效原因「自我約束」；兩岸「集體身分」的建立應具有共同觀念、認知、共識，增加彼此的信任感，確立身分後也決定未來利益。影響兩岸「集體身分」的形成，還有台灣民主文化多元的認知差異、以及國際強權的干預，其中美國具有直接影響關係。中共長期表面倡議「和平統一」，但實際以「文攻武嚇」方式，意圖對台灣加諸「一國兩制」政策，卻忽略台灣主流民意，關鍵結構因素在於「認同與信任」，因為沒有「認同」就沒有「共有利益」，沒有「信任」就沒有「平等對話」，兩岸必須透過友善行為互動，產生正面「理解」與「期望」，未來和平發展方能預見曙光。在研究總結值得注意，中共為實踐「一國兩制」在未來統戰上，將持續透過兩岸民主協商策略、發動法律戰訂制「台灣基本法草案」，並積極滲透誘吸台灣青年，要完成「中國統一」大夢，武攻台灣將是極為可能選項。

關鍵字

建構主義；統一戰線；一國兩制；國家利益；集體身分

並列摘要

The CCP adheres to the "One China" policy and adopts "One Country, Two Systems" as its major strategy on the Taiwan issue ,for fulfilling the purpose of national reunification, It must use the "united front" work as an attempt to establish a common "collective identity" across the Straits in order to achieve "peaceful reunification, one country, two systems" "Goal. This thesis takes constructivism as a research approach, and through literature analysis methods, with viewpoint of Wendt's social constructivism "collective identity", analyzes the construction process and factor formation of "identity" between the two sides of the strait. The establishment of "identity" also determines the interests. In order to examine the constituent elements and practices of the CCP’s "collective identity", analyze the conceptual framework of an operational model through the main variable indicators. Xi Jin ping announced the "Xi's Five Articles" in 2019 and explored the "two systems of Taiwan" project as the national reunification process. The effectiveness of CCP’s promotion of the "One Country, Two Systems" should consider the level of acceptance by the Taiwanese people and think about the country's objective interests which includes existential threat, independence, freedom of wealth, collective self-esteem, etc. The four main variables for the construction of "collective identity" are "interdependence, common destiny, homogeneity" and effective reasons "self-restraint". The establishment of “collective identity" from two side of the strait shall have common ideas of cognition, consensus to increase mutual trust, and determine future interests. The cognitive differences in Taiwan's democratic and cultural diversity and the intervention of international powers influence the formation of "collective identities" across the strait, among which the United States has direct influence. The CCP has been advocating "peaceful reunification," but it actually adopts "cultural attack and military intimidation" to impose a "one country, two systems" policy on Taiwan, but ignores the mainstream public opinion in Taiwan. The key structural factor is "recognize and trust", because there is no “recognize ", there will be no "shared interests", and there will be no "equal dialogue" without "trust." Both sides of the strait must interact through friendly behaviors to generate positive "understanding" and "expectations." Only the dawn of peaceful development can be foreseen in the future. It is worth noting in the research summary that the CCP will continue to formulate the "Taiwan Basic Law Draft" through cross-strait democratic consultation strategies and launch legal battles in order to implement "One Country, Two Systems" in the future united front, and actively infiltrate and attract young Taiwanese .For accomplishing the big dream of "Reunification of China.", military attack on Taiwan will be an extremely possible option.