Sino-Russia military cooperation is the most important element of the bilateral relationship and the main momentum of PLA modernization efforts. To China, military technology cooperation with Russia is the shortcut to enchance its comprehensive national strength. On the other hand, though Russia sees the military cooperation as a method to draw in China, it still be cautious and try to limit the bilateral cooperation owning to the “theory of Chine threat” and China’s reverse engineer for weapon development. Therefore, the trend of armed cooperation and trade exchange between China and Russia will be an important indication when observing the bilateral political relations. Since China’s former President Hu Jin-Tao took office, the demand for Russia weapons has significantly decreased based on its aim of developing self-independent national technology industry. This can be proved by reviewing the bilateral military technology cooperation in which the focus has shifted to technology transfer and authorization as well as collective research as China has expected. This manifests the trend of bilateral cooperation in international affairs rather then competiveness.