我國南海政策之研究（1988-2016）

南海蘊藏豐富資源，亦為重要航線，戰略價值極高，周邊主權聲索國有台灣、中國大陸、越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞及汶萊等6國，而域外大國美國等亦對南海問題極為關注，使南海屢成為區域紛爭的焦點。中國大陸與東協10國於2002年在柬埔寨金邊簽署《南海各方行為宣言》，強調通過友好協商和談判，以和平方式解決南海有關爭議，惟該宣言之成效有限。其後，隨著美國重返亞洲，推動「亞太再平衡」策略，使南海情勢變得更加複雜。本研究以「系統理論」作為架構，首先回顧我國、中國大陸、菲律賓、越南、馬來西亞、汶萊等聲索國及美國之立場，其次分析影響我國南海政策之內部、外部因素，再將影響我國南海政策因素綜合考量後，分析我國自1988年至2016年4任總統之南海政策制定及策略應用。

關鍵字

南海；南海政策； U型線；聯合國海洋法公約；系統理論

並列摘要

The South China Sea is rich in resources and is also an important route. Its strategic value is extremely high. There are 6 surrounding sovereign countries, including Taiwan, China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. The extraterrestrial powers, the United States, is also extremely concerned about the South China Sea issue. The South China Sea has repeatedly become the focus of regional disputes. Mainland China and the 10 ASEAN countries signed the " Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in 2002, emphasizing the peaceful settlement of disputes in the South China Sea through friendly consultations and negotiations, but the effectiveness of the declaration is limited. Later, as the United States " Pivot to Asia " and promoted the "Asia-Pacific Rebalancing" strategy, the situation in the South China Sea became more complicated. This study uses "system theory" as the framework. First, it reviews the positions of Taiwan, Mainland China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and other countries. It analyzes the internal and external factors affecting Taiwan's South China Sea policy. After comprehensive consideration of the factors, it analyzed the formulation and strategy application of the South China Sea policy of Taiwan's 4 presidents from 1988 to 2016.