法國文化外交

Cultural Diplomacy of France

左宜君(Yi-Jiun Zuo)

指導教授 ： 徐鵬飛 ； 梁崇民

淡江大學/外國語文學院/法國語文學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00591

摘要

一戰、二戰後，世界各國從軍事、經濟等威逼利誘的「硬實力」（hard power）競爭轉往以思想、文化來潛移默化的「軟實力」（soft power）。在世界各國以軟實力較勁的今日，法國當然也轉動國家機器來發展「影響力外交」，而「文化外交」便是彰顯軟實力最有效的手段。法國擁有深厚的文化政策基礎，文化外交可以說是法國文化政策的延伸，結合外交、文化、學術三個領域，分別由外交部、文化部、教育部三個部門領導，加上其它眾多公私部門的合作，發展出綿密如織的文化外交網絡。舉凡語言、藝術、電影、網路、傳媒、書籍、文化遺產、文創產業、學術交流......等等，都是法國文化外交的一部份。項目之細，權責機關之多，卻井然有序，相得益彰。
本文第一章引用中外學者的著作，對文化外交下了定義；並同時把文化外交相關的幾個名詞做了釐清。第二章談的是法國文化外交的歷史背景，幫助讀者能更有系統地理解法國文化外交。第三章把時間拉回現代，著眼於法國境內，解析法國文化外交的權責機構（外交部、文化部、教育部）與文化網絡眾多成員做了系統性的說明。第四章則進一步將議題拓展至境外，看看法國文化外交究竟觸及哪些面向。結論的部份，筆者提出自己對法國文化外交未來走向的看法，並且花了許多篇幅給予台灣的文化外交建議。

關鍵字

法國 ； 軟實力 ； 文化外交 ； 影響力外交 ； 公眾外交 ； 境外文化行動

並列摘要

The international competitions have shifted from Hard Power to Soft Power after the Second World War, and France is not an exception. Among the approaches of achieving Soft Power, Cultural Diplomacy is the most effective one. With its profound origin and tradition of Cultural Policies, France has developed a complicated yet sophisticated network of Cultural Diplomacy, and which is led by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Culture, and Ministry of Education and jointed with numerous public services and private agencies. Cultural Diplomacy of France consists of actions of language, arts, movies, the internet, media, cultural heritage, cultural creative industry, cross-cultural communication, etc. Each of them is indispensable, and all of them are interrelated as a whole.
The author tryed to define Cultural Diplomacy and those related terms in chapter one. Chapter two is about the historical factors of Cultural Diplomacy of France, guiding the readers of this thesis to a fuller picture of its background. Chapter three focuses within the French territory, giving a detailed orientation of the three main conducting ministries and the network of Cultural Diplomacy. Chapter four expands the boundary to foreign countries, and takes a look at what has been reached by French Cultural Diplomacy so far. In the first part of conclusion, the author tried to predict the future of French Cultural Diplomacy based on current system. In the second half of the conclusion, the author made an attempt to give Taiwan some dos and don’ts of developing Taiwanese Cultural Diplomacy.

並列關鍵字

France ； Soft power ； Cultural diplomacy ； Public diplomacy ； Diplomacy of influence

參考文獻

Institut Francais法國文化中心

ELING, Kim (1999). The Politics of Cultural Policy in France. New York: Palgrave acmillan.

FISHER, Glen (2007). Mindsets : the role of culture and perception in international relations. Yarmouth, Me. : Intercultural Press.

GREFFE, Xavier et PFLIEGER, Sylvie (2009). La politique culturelle en France. Paris, La Documentation Francaise

POIRRIER , Philippe (2002). Les Politiques Culturelles en France. Paris : La documentation Francaise.