師陀小說研究

師陀曾於一九三七年五月，以首部短篇小說集《谷》與曹禺、何其芳同時獲得《大公報》的文藝獎金。然而，一直到目前為止，師陀的相關評論及研究仍遠不及同時期的知名作家。正因為如此，本文便以此為研究動機，企圖提出全面性客觀探討的論文。本論文共分五章，第一章和第五章分別為緒論和結論。第二章探討的是師陀短篇小說中的題材，共分「果園城記」、「人性的探索」以及「愛戀故事」三節。除了分析這三個師陀的創作方向外，最重要的是藉由此出發，探討師陀與京派文學之間的關係；並在「人性的探索」中討論師陀與左翼文學之間的關係。第三章寫的是短篇小說中的人物形象，由「漂泊者」、「女性角色」和「知識份子與改革者」三個人物類型切入，探究這些人物所背負的意義和精神。第四章師陀中長篇小說探析，基本上是以小說的內容做為分節的依據，其中第一節的〈無望村的館主〉、〈歷史無情〉和〈荒野〉都是以「鄉土人物」為主題，而第二節〈結婚〉、〈馬蘭〉和〈雪原〉則是以「知識份子」為主題。整體來說，師陀小說可歸納出四個特色：一、就小說內容的表現手法而言，師陀慣用對比的模式展現其諷刺的內涵。二、積極突破固有的小說形式。三、就敘述手法而言，師陀多以「說書人」的姿態鋪寫小說。四、就小說基調而言，「悲」是師陀小說中不變的定調。此外，我必須強調的是，師陀在左翼與京派文學並行的時代環境之下創作，不可能脫離這些潮流而獨立寫作，所以在他的作品裡出現了兩種時代潮流所造成的影響是極其自然的現象，因此，承認左翼與京派在師陀作品中並存或許更符合師陀作品的原貌。

關鍵字

師陀；小說；京派；左翼

並列摘要

Shi Tuo earned the Award Of Art by Da Gong News with Cao Yu and He QiFang, in May 1937. Until now, the commentary and researches of Shi Tuo are still relatively inferior to the well-known writers in the same time, however. Thus, this research is based on it as the motive for research, and attempts to propose a comprehensive and objective discussion. This thesis is divided into 5 chapters. The 1st chapter is the introduction and the 5th chapter is the conclusion. The discussion of the 2nd chapter is the subject of Shi Tuo’s short stories. It’s divided into 3 sections, including “Orchard City”, “ The Exploration Of Human Nature”, and “Love Story”. Besides analyzing these 3 writing direction of Shi Tuo, there are the discussion about the relationship between Shi Tuo and Beijing School, and the relationship between Shi Tuo and Leftist. The discussion of the 3rd chapter is the image of characters in the short stories. It’s divided into 3 sections, including “The Vagrants, “ Women Characters”, and “Intellectual and Innovators”. This chapter is discussed the meaning and spirit of characters. The 4th chapter is about Shi Tuo’s novel. It divided by the subjects basically. The subjects of “An Owner Of Despairing Village”, “The Calloused History”, and “The Bush” are local characters, and the subjects of “Marriage”, “Ma Lan”, and “Snowfield” are about Intellectual. On the whole, the most noticeable of Shi Tuo’s fiction are listed below: 1. Shi Tuo was used to reveal his satire by contrast model. 2. Break through the inherent form actively. 3. Be a storyteller. 4. Sadness is the constant atmosphere. Besides, what I must emphasize is that Shi Tuo was affected by Beijing School and Leftist. This is a extremely phenomenon. It is wrong to place him into these two schools.