我國南海島嶼作戰之研究：以東沙、太平島為例

南海（又稱南中國海）海域位於西太平洋與印度洋之間，位處此海域國家間的戰略要道，在經濟上，更是一條重要的交通路線，於此海域島礁所隸屬的各國也因此對其控制權的爭奪日趨白熱化，引發的衝突風險也將隨之增高。我國在南海擁有東沙島與太平島的實質主權，但近年來中國、越南、菲律賓不斷在太平島附近做戰略的部署，嚴重的威脅太平島的安全。維護國家領土主權與海洋利益（包括航運通道、戰略控制）為南海各聲索國主要訴求。因此，南海情勢將來的變化，不僅僅會牽涉到到我國的國家安全，對於亞太地區的和平與穩定也將會有重大的連動關係。島嶼與島礁的爭奪，在南海此一半封閉的海域已成各聲索國兵家之事，島嶼（島礁）的大小、與本國的距離及島上軍事設施等工事強化程度各隸屬國有所區別外，在島嶼或島礁的攻防上各國也都有不同的特點。東沙島及太平島距臺灣遙遠，且我國無航母戰鬥群搭配艦載機，因而無法執行有效且及時的海、空聯合作戰，因此海軍將是我國執行外島「衛疆計劃」應援與規復作戰的主要軍種，我國目前海軍已轉型，除原有海軍編制外，也已結合陸戰隊編制，現階段除了可執行海上的作戰外，也發展出二棲作戰能力，而「不對稱作戰」也是島嶼作戰上所需的思維。長遠來看，為能有效戌守海疆領土，全方位的專業部隊（結合陸、海、空）建立將是未來因應此海域變化的首要目標。

關鍵字

南海爭議；聲索國；島嶼作戰；制海權；島礁；國家安全；不對稱作戰

並列摘要

The South China Sea is located between the western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, located in this area’s strategic routes between countries, in economic terms, is an important transport route, in this area of the island reefs belong to the countries are increasingly hot competition for control, the risk of conflict will also increase. Taiwan has the substantial sovereignty of Dongsha Island and Taiping Island in the South China Sea, but in recent years China, Vietnam and the Philippines have been making strategic deployments near Taiping Island, which seriously threatens the security of Taiping Island. Safeguarding national territorial sovereignty and maritime interests (including shipping lanes, strategic control) is the main demand of the south China Sea claimant countries. Therefore, future changes in the situation in the South China Sea will not only involve Taiwan's national security, but will also have significant linkages for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. The competition between islands and reefs, in the South China Sea this half closed sea area has become a matter of national soldiers, the size of the island (island reef), distance from their own countries and the island's military facilities and other fortification degree of the degree of each subordinate country is different, in the island or reef attack and defense countries also have different characteristics. Dongsha Island and Taiping Island are far away from Taiwan, and Taiwan does nothave an aircraft carrier battle group with ship-borne aircraft, so it is not possible to carry out effective and timely joint naval and air operations, so the Navy will be Taiwan's implementation of the outer islands "Recovery Plan" should be assisted and resumed operations of the main military types, Taiwan's current navy has been transformed, in addition to the original naval establishment, has also been combined with the Marine Corps, at this stage in addition to the implementation of maritime operations, but also the development of amphibious combat capability. "Asymmetric warfare" is also the thinking needed for island warfare. In the long run, in order to effectively guard the territory of the sea territory, the establishment of a full range of professional forces (combined with land, sea and air) will be the primary goal in response to changes in this area in the future.