越南語教學視野下的漢、越南語對比分析――為母語為漢語的學習者而設

正如美國的現代語言學家Robert Lado所言：「學習外語困難或容易，其關鍵在於母語和外語的比較。與母語相同的部分比較容易學習；與母語相異的部分，就比較難學習」。因此，本論文是以母語為漢語的越南語學習者為對象，試圖將學習者的母語（漢語）和目的語（越南語）進行對比分析，期能透過兩者之間的差異，幫助學習者在學習上縮短學習時間，進而提升學習的效率。文分五章，除首尾兩章分別為緒論及結論外，其餘三章，內容分別為：一、介紹越南語（第二章）。二、說明、釐清漢語借詞，並指出漢語借詞對母語為漢語的學習者的影響（第三章）。三、分析漢、越雙語的異同（第四章）。文中也提供學習者漢越詞詞彙與現代漢語詞彙對照的參考資料。本文的完成，能提供學習者初步認識越南語的全貌，並獲得越南語的基本知識，既能減少學習者受母語干擾的負遷移，亦能充分利用母語的正遷移，提升學習效果；對教學者而言，則能針對其預測，提出教學策略與重點，因此，對越南語的教學與學習者而言，均有一定的參考價值。

關鍵字

越南語；漢越詞；漢越語對比；漢越語差異

並列摘要

As the American modern linguist Robert Lado once said: "The key to the difficulty or ease of learning a foreign language lies in the comparison between the mother tongue and the foreign language. The part that is the same as the mother tongue is easier to learn; the part that is different from the mother tongue is more difficult to learn." This dissertation can be viewed through a practical lens by students learning Vietnamese whose native language is Chinese. By trying to compare and analyze the student’s native language (Chinese) and target language (Vietnamese), the goal is to shorten learning time and improve learning efficiency. The following dissertation contains several key chapters: First, there is a primary introduction to the study of the Vietnamese language. Next, the author dedicates a chapter to identifying the contribution of Chinese words to the Vietnamese language, clarifying the positive (and negative) influence that Chinese words have on native Chinese learners. Additionally, there is a brief analysis of similarities and differences between Chinese and Vietnamese bilingualism. Finally, reference materials for learners to compare Chinese-Vietnamese vocabulary with modern Chinese vocabulary are provided. The goal of this dissertation is to provide Chinese speakers with a compelling picture of the initial study of Vietnamese that leverages the similarities of the two languages while aiming to reduce the negative effects of relying too heavily on one’s mother tongue. For the students pursuing academic careers, it is the author’s hope that they can employ strategies learned from this dissertation toward the education of future Chinese speakers learning the Vietnamese language.