日美中三國對廣域自由貿易協定的對策與關係之研究—對臺灣廣域自由貿易協定之政策建議

全球自由貿易潮流下，各國競相以洽簽廣域貿易協定進行經濟發展與整合，以確保其安全保障、經濟利益以及社會保障。然而，台灣因國際地位特殊以及中國因素的影響，長期被排除在東亞地區廣域自由貿易協定談判之外，並逐漸浮現地區邊緣化之危機。跨太平洋夥伴協定（Trans-Pacific Partnership, TPP），以其完全自由貿易的高標準門檻以及涵蓋地區範圍的廣泛，實為台灣加入 21 世紀廣域自由貿易協定的目標。本文分析與檢討冷戰時期，日本與中國，日本與美國之間如何以緩衝分散均衡機制(Buffer System)的理論基礎，去處理兩國間的貿易摩擦以及如何解決問題。後冷戰時期中國的崛起，試圖改變現狀造成世界的不穩定，本文以霸權穩定理論(Hegemonic Stability Theory, HST )，發現美國又再次結合主要民主國家，共同維護世界和平與繁榮。本文另外涉及「小國」的概念，而非「大國」的概念。在某些情況下（即在「緩衝分散均衡機制」內），小國可能以減輕大國競爭的方式影響大國的行為。因而發現台灣是無法在平等條件下與大國抗衡的國家，必須「採納」而不是「制定」全球治理的規則與規範。台灣必須依靠其他國家或國際組織來維持其主權，迅速利用任何提供國際體系的性質所帶來的機會，去學會操縱大國之間的競爭以達到自己的目的，並以此方式對系統本身施加相當大的影響，即使不是關鍵的影響。在最後本文以對臺灣廣域自由貿易協定做出政策建議。

關鍵字

自由貿易協定；緩衝分散均衡機制；跨太平洋戰略經濟夥伴關係協定；霸權穩定理論；區域全面經濟夥伴協定

並列摘要

Under the trend of global free trade, countries are racing to negotiate and sign wide-area trade agreements for economic development and integration to ensure their safety, economic benefits, and social security. However, due to its special international status and the influence of Chinese factors, Taiwan has been excluded from the East Asia wide-area free trade agreement negotiations for a long time, and the crisis of regional marginalization has gradually emerged. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), with its high standard threshold for complete free trade and a wide range of regions, is indeed the goal of Taiwan's accession to the 21st century wide-area free trade agreement. This article analyzes and reviews how Japan and China and Japan and the United States used the theoretical basis of the Buffer System to deal with trade frictions between the two countries and how to solve problems during the Cold War. The rise of China in the post-Cold War era tried to change the status quo and caused world instability. This article uses the Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST) to find that the United States has once again combined with major democracies to jointly maintain world peace and prosperity. This thesis also deals with the concept of "small country" instead of the concept of "big country". In some cases (that is, within the "buffer decentralized equilibrium mechanism"), small countries may influence the behavior of large countries in a way that reduces competition among large countries. Therefore, it was discovered that Taiwan is a country that cannot compete with big powers under equal conditions. It must "adopt" rather than "make" global governance rules and norms. Taiwan must rely on other countries or international organizations to maintain its sovereignty, and quickly use any opportunity provided by the nature of the international system to learn to manipulate the competition between major powers to achieve its own goals, and in this way impose a considerable amount on the system itself. A big impact, if not a critical one. At the end of this article, It makes recommendations on Taiwan’s policy of wide-area free trade agreements.