城中村的邊界與都市的混合共生
—以深圳蛇口漁二村與其周邊為例

中國大陸的城市化進程從長期的滯後狀態到改革開放後，在短期內爆發出了蓬勃的發展勢頭。然而在暴風驟雨般的城市化過程中，城市在非常短的時間內飛速拓展建成區，根本沒有時間完整的吸收、转化原有的農村聚落。城市發展模式由政府的“統一規劃”轉變為被“市場經濟”所主導。開發商都爭取在最短時間內得到最容易處理的地塊，面對拆遷安置等麻煩的問題，往往都選擇繞道而行。為後來的城中村問題埋下伏筆。另一方面新開發的街區與周遭的城中村相輔相成，城中村給周圍上半區和新樓盤提供了所需將對廉價的日常生活服務同時也帶動了全區的發展，這就形成了都市核心區域中：城中村與均價10萬的小區只有一牆之隔，新與舊的衝突與共生在這裡體現的淋漓盡致，而城中村的規劃管理獨立於都市計畫外，“邊界”由此而生，這個邊界不僅僅體現在一些實質性的空間阻隔和與城市的規劃無法銜接上，也是城中村裡的人的想法與快速發展的都市里生活的人產生了差異。城中村成了都市發展中的一座座孤島。在這些因素的影響下，中國當代社區鄰裡空間活力逐步喪失，生活在其中的人變得彼此冷漠，人們在城市空間中感受不到歸屬和認同，城市發展問題亟待得到重視和解決。城中村和城市之間的矛盾日益明顯。大部分人對於城中村問題的研究都是如何進行內部的空間更新規劃，認為改善了城中村內部的空間，加強管理，自然而然就可以與都市融合起來，卻忽略了外部已經存在的邊界，所以筆者認為對於城中村的邊界的研究是必要的。應該使得城中村更好的與城市融合，打破這個“邊界”，不僅是讓外面的人“走進去”，也讓村裡的人“走出來”。營造一個有歸屬和認同感的城市。在城市更新下城中村與現代社區的共生，而不是採取推倒重建的搬遷方式。

關鍵字

城中村與周遭社區關係；城中村边界；城市規劃

並列摘要

From the long-term lag state to the reform and opening up, the urbanization process in mainland China has exploded in a short period of time. However, in the stormy urbanization process, the city rapidly expanded the built-up area in a very short period of time, and there was no time to completely absorb and transform the original rural settlement. The urban development model has been transformed from the “unified planning” of the government to being dominated by the “market economy”. Developers are striving to get the most easy-to-handle land in the shortest possible time. In the face of troubles such as demolition and resettlement, they often choose to detour. For the later problems in the village of the city buried a foreshadowing. On the other hand, the newly developed block and the surrounding villages in the city complement each other.Urban village provides the relatively cheap daily life service for the surrounding new buildings and also promotes the development of the whole district. This forms the core area of the city: the village and the community with an average price of 100,000 are separated by a wall. The conflict between new and old and symbiosis is reflected here. The planning and management of the urban village is independent of the urban plan, the “boundary” is born. This boundary is not only reflected in some substantial spatial barriers and incompatibility with urban planning but also the idea of people in urban villages and the rapid development of urban life. The urban village has become an isolated island in urban development. Under the influence of these factors, the vitality of the neighborhood space in China's contemporary communities is gradually lost. The people living in it become indifferent to each other. People do not feel the attribution and identity in the urban space. The urban development problem needs to be paid attention to and solved. The contradiction between the villages and cities in the city is increasingly obvious. Most people's research on urban village problems is how to carry out internal space renewal planning. It is believed that the improvement of the space inside the urban village and the strengthening of management can naturally be integrated with the city. They ignore the existing boundaries, so I believe that the study of the boundaries of the urban village is necessary. It should make the village in the city better integrate with the city, breaking this "boundary", not only let the outside people "go in", but also let the people in the urban village "go out." Create a city with a sense of belonging and identity. In the urban renewal, the symbiosis between the village and the modern community is not the same as the relocation method.