應用BIM於模板數量計算之研究

BIM Application for Formwork Measurement

曾澤淞(Tse-Sung Tseng)

指導教授 ： 范素玲

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00567

摘要

依據行政院內政部營建署統計，台灣鋼筋混凝土(RC)及鋼骨鋼筋混凝土(SRC)工程占總建築物開工之80%以上，模板材料費約占模板工程之25~35%，模板工程費用約占結構體工程費用之25~38%。因此，準確的模板數量計算對於工程有很大的影響力。然而，傳統建築估算軟體於數量計算上需透過手動輸入參數及公式，方能計算出數量，過程耗費人力且耗時。當遇到工程設計變更時，估價作業反覆計算且繁瑣，效率不佳。建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling，BIM)採用物件導向及參數自動化之技術，可自動因應變更快速產出更新數量。近幾年也有許多BIM結合數量計算應用之研究與軟體，有的透過匯出參數到第三方專業計算，有的開發模板數量程式介面系統，依據特定建置規則與命名原則計算模板數量。對於使用者而言，不管是多方軟體的操作，還是建置規則的規範，皆存在著改善及優化的空間。
本研究以Revit API做為開發模板計算系統之工具，透過讀取元件既有之點線面屬性，以系統判定元件「交疊有效面」及「交疊無效面」的方式，得出元件模板面積。本研究提供混凝土結構元件模板計算、使用者自行篩選元件模板計算以及數量試算表的匯出。另外，使用功能按鈕的方式，提供使用者可在無試圖經驗的情況下，操作本統並計算出模板面積。

關鍵字

BIM ； API ； 模板數量計算

並列摘要

More than 80% of construction in Taiwan are made of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC), with approximately 30% of the cost are from the formwork system. This indicates the importance of the formwork system in Taiwan. On one hand, the manual measurement of formwork is tediously repetitive, time-consuming and error-prone. On the other hand, the new object-oriented Building Information Modelling (BIM) process is able to provide the latest quantity of the project elements, including the area of the surface and the points of the locations. However, currently there are lack of specific parameter for formwork in available BIM platforms. Previous studies show that there are lots of integration between BIM and formwork system. Some of the applications involve exporting the geometric size of the elements, and set up the formula in third-party software; while the others rely on strict modelling rules to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of their system.
To avoid the complex setting of multi-party software or the strict modelling rules, this research develops a customized system of formwork measurement based on one of the popular BIM platforms, Autodesk’s Revit. The objective of the research described in this paper is to develop the Formwork Measurement application programming interface (API) plug-in to partially automate the formwork quantity measurement. The main challenge of the research is the determination of elements’ valid surface and invalid surface, which is represented by the overlapped surface between elements. This prototype application also includes two functions, one is to calculate the element formwork; another to export the spreadsheet of the element information. A typical building is used as a case study to validate the accuracy of the developed formwork system. The research shows that the proposed approach can partially automate formwork measurement, which significantly improves the current BIM process.

並列關鍵字

BIM ； API ； Formwork Measurement

參考文獻

[1] Azhar, S., Hein, M., & Sketo, B. (2011). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), pp. 241-252

[2] Abd, A. M., & Khamees, A. S. (2017). As built case studies for BIM as conflicts detection and documentation tool. Cogent Engineering, 4(1), 1411865.

[3] Choi, J., Kim, H., & Kim, I. (2015). Open BIM-based quantity take-off system for schematic estimation of building frame in early design stage. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 2(1), 16-25.

[4] Forgues, D., Iordanova, I., Valdivesio, F., & Staub-French, S. (2012). Rethinking the cost estimating process through 5D BIM: A case study. In Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World (pp. 778-786).

[5] Kim, H., Anderson, K., Lee, S., & Hildreth, J. (2013). Generating construction schedules through automatic data extraction using open BIM (building information modeling) technology. Automation in Construction, 35, 285-295.