中國大陸十三五期間之民用航空交通與區域發展策略研究：以京津冀機場群為例

中國獨特的政治結構，所發展出的政策及國家走向，集權專政下所實施的經濟開放以及國家發展策略，是開放中帶有專制，政府帶領國家所走的每一步，不僅是在中國國內發酵，更牽動著東亞鄰近區域發展以及趨勢。過去集中式的發展策略，造就了東岸沿海區域的城市崛起，但也造成已開發區域需要向外擴張的需求越來越強烈，但幾乎已經定型的產業型態及分布該如何透過政策來達到整體區域的平衡，是在整體國家發展策略之中需要審慎考慮的一部分。北京市為中國首都，其社會資源以及經貿活動旺盛，與其鄰近的天津市以及河北省在政策規畫之下，發展出「京津冀協同發展」的政策，目標是將「京津冀城市群」發展成為國際級的大型城市群。中國「第十三個五年國家發展計畫(2016-2020)」中，訂定出了時間點上要達到的目標，中國民航局為配合整體發展，推出「中國民航十三五發展規劃」。此階段的框架之下，京津冀區域發展最需解決的問題是紓解北京地區的「非首都功能」，進而發展出一連串環環相扣的發展策略。民用航空為所有交通方式中最有效率的方式之一，透過民用航空的機場設立，以及與都會區的地面交通聯結，透過創造誘因來達到產業以及人口轉移之目的。本文將探討十三五時期的民用航空發展策略在京津冀區域的實行，藉由該區域整體發展，來探究航空產業發展的目的與原因。最後，因今年(2020年)一月爆發全球性嚴重傳染疾病「新冠肺炎」(COVID-19)，對全球航空產業造成劇烈影響，仍有待疫情獲得控制之後相關民航發展才得以復甦並繼續推行。

關鍵字

京津冀協同發展；中國民航十三五發展規劃；機場群

並列摘要

China's unique political structure has developed a series of policies and national trends. The economic opening and national development strategies implemented under the authoritarian leadership. Every steps of the China is not only fermenting in China domestic, but also affecting the development and trend of East Asia regions. In the past, the centralized development strategy has created some cities in the east coastal areas , but also caused the outward expansion demands are stronger and stronger. However, the industrial form and distribution that have been almost finalized should be achieved through policies. Regional balance is a part that needs careful consideration in the overall national development strategy. Beijing is the capital of China, and its society resources and economic and trade activities are vigorous. Under its policy planning, its neighboring Tianjin city and Hebei Province have developed a "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development" policy, with the goal of integrating developed into an "international-level large-scale city cluster". In China's "13th Five-Years program (2016-2020)", the goals to be achieved are set in designated time, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China also launched the "13th Five-Year program of development of Civil Aviation " in order to coordinate with the overall development. . Under the framework of this stage, the most important problem to be solved in the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is to relieve the "non-capital function" of the Beijing area, and then develop a series of interlocking development strategies. Civil aviation is one of the most efficient ways of transportation. Through the construction of airports for civil aviation and the connection with ground transportation in metropolitan areas, the purpose of industry and population transfer is achieved by creating incentives. This article will explore the implementation of the civil aviation development strategy in the 13th Five-Year Plan period in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Through the overall development of the region, the purpose and reasons of the development of the aviation industry will be explored. Finally, due to the outbreak of the global severe pandemic all around the world "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) in January this year (2020), which caused a dramatic impact on the global aviation industry, the civil aviation development can only be resumed and continued after the epidemic is controlled.