城市河岸空間設計的認知模型及其延伸之規劃

本文因應現代上海正大力開發河岸空間這一現象，然部分已完成工程並未達到設計目的。通過對國內外已建成河岸空間進行研究，總結出河岸空間規劃背後的價值觀，重新定義規劃設計準則，進而提出一個現代河岸空間的規劃建議。本研究首先對上海市水道變遷進行整理，梳理各時期城市發展於水道之間的聯繫及各時期治理者對水道的認知價值。總結了自1843年以前至2006年間的治理措施從被動治理開始，經歷填埋到現在新開挖的變化過程。接著選擇已建設完成並取得一定效益的國內外知名水岸城市進行分析，總結出案例中水道及水岸的價值認知，通過比較得到了六個初步結論分別是：1. 河岸發展需要公共交通的配合，擴大影響範圍。2. 貫通性作為評價指標其規劃設計應注重河岸空間能有一連續貫通步道。3. 文化非不可改，亦非不可變，而應伴隨著時代同時發展。4. 重視河岸空間的改造对都市发展各方面价值的提升。5. 生態觀結合韌性城市將產生新的規劃標準。6. 規劃及設計操作是多個價值觀共同影響的結果。進一步，對以上六個準則進行分析發現其分屬於四個方面對都市河岸規劃產生影響，分別是管理、生態、都市、文化。以設計認知和多元價值作為研究的核心基礎，對以上各方面急需解決的問題進行系統分析，提出策略及解法，總結出一個認知價值系統並提出一個理論模型以說明河岸空間規劃認知價值的詮釋過程，經過討論得到如下三個結論： 1.價值觀念的變化是影響河岸規劃設計的原因。 2.河岸空間為規劃主體有效性之前提為----將河道視為重要的環境資源。 3.現階段河岸規劃設計需要考量的面向：管理、生態、都市、文化。 4.建立在跨領域研究基礎下的認知價值模型可有效因應河岸規劃問題。

關鍵字

河岸規劃；認知模型；都市空間；生態城市

並列摘要

This article is written based on the phenomenon of riverbank space development in Shanghai. However, although some parts were finished, they failed to meet the design objectives. Through researching on finished riverbank space in China and abroad, this article intends to summarize the value opinion behind riverbank space planning, redefine design criteria, and further propose suggestions on modern riverbank space planning. Firstly, this article collects the historical information of changes in river in Shanghai, sorts our relationships between channels during different stages of city development, and governor’s cognition value of these channels in different times. Additionally, this article summarizes the changes since early 1843 until 2006, from passive control, landfills, to excavation today. Secondly, this article chooses several famous waterfront cities at home and abroad to conduct analysis, which were completed and profitable. The author summarizes value cognition of water channel and shore in these cases, reaches six primary conclusions by comparison, and they are: 1. Riverbank development requires coordination with public transport to expand its affecting range. 2. As an index of evaluation, penetration should be focused on a successive, interpenetrating footpath in riverbank space. 3. Culture is not unchangeable, but should keep path with the era. 4. Attention should be paid to riverbank space transformation, thereby improving all aspects of value in city development. 5. Resilient urban combined with ecological theory will produce new planning standard. 6. Planning and designing operation is the joint result influenced by multiple value opinions. Furthermore, the analysis on six principles demonstrates that there are four aspects affecting riverbank planning in city, namely management, ecology, urban and culture. Based on design cognition and multiple value as research core, this article conducts systematic analysis on problems mentioned above, proposes strategies and countermeasures, summarizes a cognition value system and suggests a theoretical model to explain the process of riverbank space planning cognition value. To sum up, four conclusions are drawn after discussion: 1. The changes in value opinion is the reason that affects riverbank planning and designing. 2. The precondition of riverbank space to be subject effective is regarding river 3. Currently, the aspects that should be considered in riverbank planning and designing are: management, ecology, city, culture 4. The cognitive model based on interdiscipline research can effectively solve the problem of riverbank planning