台灣電信產業科技演進下市場進入與退出之研究

全球無線通訊技術在1980年代開始突飛猛進地發展，由於當時各國的通信大多為管制產業，科技與市場大部份為國營企業所掌握，在臺灣則是由中華電信於1989年引進第一代的通訊。1990年代下半期全球通信政策逐漸開放，臺灣也在1997年開放電信業務的民營化，促成無線通訊產業快速的發展。此後，無線通訊技術歷經多次突破，至今市場上應用已經以第五代通訊技術(5G)為主，多家全球主導廠商也已經著手推展第六代通訊技術(6G)的設計與部署。每一次無線通訊技術的改朝換代往往對無線通訊服務廠商帶來設備更換以及系統更新…等的挑戰，有的服務提供廠商可以順利進入新一世代的無線通訊技術，但也有的就退出市場，也因為新一代技術帶來的市場商機及發展機會而吸引新的服務提供廠商進入市場。本研究使用產業演化的分析框架，探討無線通訊技術在臺灣從第一代(1G)發展至第五代(5G)，每一代的新進服務提供廠商的進入模式，以及存續服務提供廠商從前一代技術跨越至新一代技術時的科技選擇、設備與營運更新。經分析，每一代的無線通訊技術主要會在行動寬頻通訊傳輸速度、可靠度和多元化服務三大方面進行提升，而各家無線通訊服務提供廠商在此三大方面使用不同的資源與行銷方式拓展應用領域，展現出新穎的應用服務及商業模式。透過對臺灣無線通訊產業的長時期發展追蹤與分析，觀察到此產業的技術世代交替越來越快，從第一代無線通訊技術歷時九年之後才逐漸轉換為第二代，至現在第五代尚在發展中就已經在佈局第六代了。在無線通訊服務提供廠商變化的部份，在開放民營化之後一度呈現三強鼎立的狀態(中華電信、台灣大哥大、遠傳電信)，中間十多年雖然有眾多的無線通訊服務提供廠商進入市場，最多時達到八大共存，然而近年卻又逐漸往三強的方向發展。這個研究在實務及理論上面溯及第一代無線通訊服務進入台灣，一直探討到第五代的發展，歷程完整，可供業者參考。

關鍵字

技術演化；市場進入；電信產業

並列摘要

Global wireless communication technology began to develop by leaps and bounds in the 1980s, at that time, most communications in various countries were regulated industries, most of the technology and market are controlled by state-owned enterprises, in Taiwan, Chunghwa Telecom introduced the first generation of communication in 1989. in the second half of the 1990s, the global communication policy gradually opened up, Taiwan also opened the privatization of telecommunications services in 1997, promote the rapid development of wireless communication industry. Thereafter, wireless communication technology has experienced many breakthroughs, so far, the fifth generation communication technology (5G) has been mainly used in the market, several leading global manufacturers have also begun to promote the design and deployment of the sixth generation communication technology (6G). every change of wireless communication technology often brings challenges to wireless communication service providers, such as equipment replacement and system update, some service providers can successfully enter the new generation of wireless communication technology, but some of them quit the market, it also attracts new service providers to enter the market because of the market opportunities and development opportunities brought by the new generation technology. This study uses the analytical framework of industrial evolution, discuss the development of wireless communication technology in Taiwan from the first generation to the fifth generation, the entry mode of each generation of new service providers, as well as the technology selection, equipment and operation update when the surviving service provider spans from the previous generation technology to the new generation technology. After analysis, each generation of wireless communication technology will mainly improve the transmission speed, reliability and diversified services of mobile broadband communication, various wireless communication service providers use different resources and marketing methods to expand their application fields in these three aspects, show new application services and business models. Through tracking and analyzing the long-term development of Taiwan's wireless communication industry, it is observed that the technology generation of this industry is changing faster and faster, it took nine years from the first generation of wireless communication technology to gradually convert to the second generation, up to now, the fifth generation is still developing, and it is already in the layout of the sixth generation. in the part of changes in wireless communication service providers, after the opening-up and privatization, the three powers once stood apart (Chunghwa Telecom, Taiwan mobile, and FarEas Tone Telecom), although many wireless communication service providers have entered the market in the past ten years, at most, it reaches the coexistence of the eight major powers, however, in recent years, it has gradually developed in the direction of the top three. This research traces back to the entry of the first generation wireless communication services into Taiwan in practice and theory, we have been discussing the development until the fifth generation, complete process, it can be used as a reference for operators.

並列關鍵字

Technology Evolution ； Market Entry ； Telecom Industry

參考文獻

英文文獻

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台灣電信產業科技演進下市場進入與退出之研究

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