- 學位論文
德法軸心對統合政策的影響：以歐元政策為例
Franco-German Axis as Ｍotor of European Integration: The Case of Euro Policy
摘要
「德法軸心對歐洲統合的影響」乃歐盟學界的焦點議題，主要原因在於德法兩國在統合決策上具有「合則成、不合則敗」的關鍵影響力。本文以德法兩國的關係特質與影響為主要研究標的，輔以自由派政府間主義為理論工具，一方面針對德法關係本身的特殊性進行縱深觀察，另一方面則從歐盟層面探討德法軸心對歐洲統合與歐元政策的影響。德法關係從敵對到合作的發展過程中，所謂的「德法特殊關係」乃國際局勢與各自國家利益折衷下的產物；1963年艾麗榭條約奠定了德法合作與交往的互信基礎，不但開啟德法國防、外交等面向的合作，也建立兩國制度性協商的平台，從而成為推動歐洲統合的領導軸心。在歐盟多邊關係中，所謂的「德法軸心」乃表現在「溝通矛盾、協調立場，提出倡議、促成共識」，進而達到驅動統合、處理危機與促進會員國合作的領導功能。而這種雙領導角色乃由雙方充足的意圖與權力所支持，因此對德法兩國權力消長與意圖走向的觀察乃是重點：在權力面上，德法軸心的領導力與正當性來自雙方相對優勢的綜合實力；在意圖面上，德法兩國雖有不同的社會結構、歷史經驗與觀念邏輯，但支持歐洲統合的態度卻是一致。值得一提的是，當德法兩國的制度性權力因歐盟擴大而被稀釋時，其雙邊既存的協商機制，便成為歐盟成本高昂之多邊談判的替代性協商場所，進而使德法兩國對歐洲統合政策始終扮演龍頭角色。而德法一致的親歐立場，也使雙邊溝通能夠順暢進行，進而在相互妥協讓利下迅速達成統合共識。對於歐元政策，德法領導人都有不同主張，但卻能透過制度性協商使兩國在「分歧中合作」的競合關係下帶領歐盟渡過歐債危機。儘管德法兩國逐漸擴大的權力差距已經改變了原本微妙的德法均勢，使得昔日「法國為主，德國為輔」的搭擋模式已轉變為「德國主導，法國輔之」的局面；縱使如此，德法兩國不斷依循自由派政府間主義的「國家偏好、談判競合、制度選擇」的互動模式，成功推動統合政策。雖然，德國獨大是德法關係與歐盟內部權力結構的問題，但「德法軸心」仍是在穩定歐盟的主要基石。
並列摘要
In today's Europe, France and Germany are perceived as key actors that exercise an essential influence on shaping European policies. Plus, the special relationship between the two states has served as the anchor of European integration since its starting point. Since the reconciliation after WWII, the Franco-German bilateralism has evolved into an intimate partnership in the framework of the Élysée Treaty signed in 1963. The institutional architecture between France and Germany was then to be enforced that enabled such ancient antagonists to mediate their conflicts and act in tandem on European issues. Thus, the so-called ‘Franco-German Axis’ is understood as an intense Franco-German cooperation in view of European leadership in the sense of promoting integration, managing crises, and shaping subgroups of member states. However, considering the growing power asymmetry brought by the return of German hegemony coupled with relative French economic and political weakness, the Franco-German Axis is perceived to have stalled and questioned to have lost its raison d’ être in recent years. Therefor, the aimes of this thesis were to figure out whether the Franco-German Axis has already become an obsolete notion that no longer makes sense. In the case of the European sovereign debt crisis, an intense Franco-German cooperation is still observable in identifying solutions to common challenges and breaking deadlocks in negotiations at the EU level under three types of leadership: Agenda-setting, consensus building, coalition building. Besides, comparing to the costly and time-consuming bargaining procedure on the EU level, the intensif and highly institutionalized communications on the Franco-German bilateral level plus their issue specific leadership resources on EMU matters somehow remain themselves at the core of the EU. In this context, we can say that a Franco-German partnership still remains a critical and symbolic factor necessary for reaching agreements leading to more institutional changes in the EU.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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