現行政策環評的改善建議

Recommendations on Taiwan’s current strategic environmental assessment procedure

張雨筑(Yu-Chu Chang)

指導教授 ： 張保興

淡江大學/工學院/水資源及環境工程學系碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.00640

摘要

環境影響評估制度在國際上已廣泛實施多年，最近有關環境影響評估審查受到社會大眾相當大的關注，幾個指標性的開發案如：國光石化、台塑大煉鋼廠等，不像過去只要政府經建單位背書即可高枕無憂的通過環評，許多環評委員也都曾批評環評運作充滿弊端，而衝著長期為台灣把關的使命感，我國實施了政府政策環境影響評估(Strategic Environmental Assessment, SEA(以下簡稱政策環評))，而成為近年在環境評估領域的關注焦點。

政策環評是以環境為最優先考慮層面，環境政策須以環境科學技術為主來審視及評估內容，但社會面（如民眾抗爭）及經濟面（如產業變化）之影響亦應納入考量，以利政策之順利推動，因此建議共同考量經濟、環境(包括對環境的衝擊)及社會三大元素的影響，達到成本與效益平衡的永續發展。並依據
1.環境基本法第二條→環境的範圍包括社會、經濟與自然生態等。
2.環境影響評估法第四條第二項→環境的範圍包括社會、經濟與自然生態等。
3.參考圖政策環評之環境、社會、經濟層面關係圖→完整考量。
因此，作者思考將政策環評的架構，參考各國政策環評之優缺點改善建議台灣的政策環評制度；另外，我國政策環評在法規上只使用矩陣式，故建議預算法及中央政府中程計畫預算編制辦法中除分析工程上之成本效益，更應該分析環境成本分析；政策環評重新與成本效益分析結合，利用政策環評之矩陣式和預算法之成本效益分析作為輔助決策者做決策之參考，改善現行政策環評制度，以達到永續發展、預防原則的目標。

關鍵字

環境影響評估 ； 政策環境影響評估 ； 永續發展 ； 預防原則 ； 成本效益分析

並列摘要

Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA, has been extensively implement in international for many years. More recently, public concern has grown in response to the EIA examination, some marked development cases like: CPC Corporation, Taiwan and Formosa Plastics Group. These cases are not like before; past development cases can easily pass only with the government economic construction unit endorsed. Many EIA committee members also criticizes the operation of EIA are full of malpractice. The EPA implements Strategic Environmental Assessment, SEA, in order to check on major project initiatives Taiwan and it becomes the focus of EIA these several years.

SEA takes environment as the first consideration and appraises the content with environmental science technology primarily, but in order to help policy impetus, social (resist) and economical (industry change) influence should also take into consideration. We suggested incorporating the economy, environment (including the impact to environment), and social elements altogether, and achieving sustainable development with cost and benefit balanced.

According to:
1. Basic Environmental Act(second of the clause)－environment include society, economy and natural ecology and so on.
2. Environmental Impact Evaluation Act(fourth of the clause)－environment include society, economy and natural ecology and so on.
3. Reference graph SEA- environmental, social, economic relationship graph－ integrity consideration.

Therefore, the author improve the construction of SEA by reference various countries’ good and bad points; Moreover, Taiwan SEA uses the matrix form in the regulations, hence we suggest 「Budget Act」and 「Regulations for Preparing Central Government Medium-Term Planning Budget」not only analyze the cost benefit of project but also analyze the environment cost analysis; SEA integrate with cost-benefit analysis again, using matrix form of SEA and cost-benefit analysis of budget mean to help policymaker making decision, improve present SEA system, and achieved sustainable development and Precautionary principle.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ； Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) ； sustainable development ； Precautionary principle, ； Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)

參考文獻

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