歐洲聯盟促進鄉村發展之研究─以西班牙鄉村旅遊為例

A Study of Improving Rural Development in European Union：The Case of Rural Tourism in Spain

閻洳蓁(Ru-chen Yan)

指導教授 ： 苑倚曼

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00681

摘要

鄉村旅遊是近年來新興發展的農業經營型態，是一種將旅遊業與農業合而為一的新興產業。自1970年代以來，鄉村旅遊在歐洲農村地區迅速發展，對於不景氣農村地區之經濟產生非常大的作用，並且認為是一種阻止農業衰退和增加農村收入的有效方式。從歐盟鄉村模式與農業多功能性來看，農業為一具備經濟、社會與環境多面向的初級產業，除了傳統的糧食與原料生產之經濟效益外，其不但有形塑鄉村風貌、永續管理自然資源、環境保護及生態保育等環境效益，也具鄉村文化及維護地方認同的社會文化功能。因此，善用農業資源的鄉村旅遊經營方式，將有助於鄉村生產、生活、生態多面向的永續發展。
身為歐盟成員國的西班牙，除了是著名的旅遊大國外，該國還以社會、經濟與自然環境等優勢，發展鄉村旅遊，並運用農業經營活動、農家生活與農村文化，提高國民養身休息的環境品質，增進國民對農業生產、農家生活、農業生態的體驗，成功開啟鄉村旅遊市場。整體而言，藉由鄉村旅遊，不僅擴展觀光產業的產品供應力，使得西班牙的觀光業發展更為多元，並且也有助於促進落後地區之發展，改善區域失衡的現象。
本研究在探討歐洲聯盟鄉村旅遊發展的背景與促進鄉村旅遊的相關政策，包括共同農業政策、共同區域政策、鄉村發展政策，並以西班牙為個案，分析鄉村旅遊發展的成效來做為本文的研究重心，研究結果顯示六大結論：一、鄉村旅遊對於地方之影響主要在經濟、社會、環境方面；二、歐洲聯盟主要會員國鄉村旅遊發展之啟發；三、歐盟相關政策有利鄉村旅遊發展；四、歐盟結構基金對西班牙鄉村旅遊之重要意義與東擴後之效應；五、西班牙旅遊事業帶來的經濟效益與旅遊業新企機；六、西班牙發展鄉村旅遊的概念值得台灣借鏡效法。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 西班牙 ； 農業 ； 鄉村發展 ； 鄉村旅遊

並列摘要

Recently, the rural tourism is a new kind of agriculture industry.It changes the tourism world which is characteristic for the integration of rural environment and tourism, leisure, recreation activity.From 1970s’, the rural tourism develops quickly in the area of rural in Europe.It’s very helpful to the areas of rual in the economy, and also an active way to prevent the decline of agriculture and to increase the income of rural villages.From the model of rural villages and the versatility of agriculture in European Union, the agriculture which has different kinds of distinction, such us economy,society and environment.Excepting from the basic functions, the role of agriculture is changing from nourishment to the leisure industry, the rural life, the natural biology which are also stimulating rural development positively.
Spain is famous for tourism in the word which is one of member of Euroepan Union, and the development of rural tourism is also one of the principal programmes of the tourism industry in Spain. In short, Spain uses the rural tourism to expand the availability of market, and it is also improve the straggly area.
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the background and the relative policies of the rural tourism in European Union, also to explore the method of extension and operation of rural tourism in Sapin.Through the documental analysis and historical analysis, this thesis not only investigates the history pf the development of the rurual tourism and its relative policies in European Union, but also explores the case study of Spain to analyze its method of operation and effort.There are six investigation results：(1)The main effects in the rural tourism are the aspects of economy, society and environment；(2)The illumination affects the main members of Europe；(3)The relative policies of European Union are beneficial to the development of rural tourism；(4)The structure fund in European Union is very important to rural tourism in Spain and the effect of amplification in Europe；(5)The rural tourism in Spain realizes high-quality economic effort；(6)The operation of rural tourism in Spain is a good model for Taiwan to adopter,specially in promotion the tourism recourses, coordination of the cross-industry strategy alliance, supply the better service to tourist in operation of accommodation, all is to promote the rural tourism.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； Spain ； Agriculture ； Rural Development ； Rural Tourism

參考文獻

蔡宏進(1993)。鄉村發展的理論與實際。台北：東大圖書公司。

何景明(2003)。＜國外鄉村旅遊研究述評＞，《旅遊學刊》，1：76-80。

王瓊英、馮學鋼(2006)。＜鄉村旅遊研究綜述＞，《北京第二外國語學院學報》，1：115-120。

呂軍、張立明(2005)。＜中外鄉村旅遊研究的比較＞，《國土與自然資源研究》，2：67-69。

江彩禎(2002)。《地方經濟發展推動機制之探討─以推動觀光發展為例》。台南：成功大學都市計畫所碩士論文。