高升力TRAP機翼在大雨影響下之空氣動力分析

Aerodynamic Analysis of 3-D TRAP Wing Under the Influence of Heavy Rain Effects

譚仲均(Jong-Jiun Tan)

指導教授 ： 宛同

淡江大學/工學院/航空太空工程學系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00640

摘要

近年惡劣天氣狀況越來越常發生，而此狀況對於飛機起降時會有顯著的安全影響，因此在本研究中吾人將分析傾盆大雨對於飛機的空氣動力學以及飛行性能的影響。本文選擇美國太空總署NASA的Trap-Wing高升力模型來進行相關的空氣動力學研究，Trap-Wing 是NASA所建立之高升力裝置研究的標準驗證型，經由風洞測試以及CFD模擬驗證。吾人以ANSYS Fluent v16.0 CFD軟體來模擬Trap-Wing於不同攻角時的性能參數改變。此外使用了結合Eulerian-Lagrangian 法則的Discrete Phase Model (DPM)來模擬傾盆大雨現象。而在成功地對Trap-Wing進行驗證後，也會加入傾盆大雨之模擬，並將表面摩擦係數納入考量，以模擬出真實飛機在飛行時的性能表現。對比Trap-Wing在下雨以及無雨之情況下之升阻力性能。在升力係數上各攻角均會明顯下降，而阻力係數在五度至二十度攻角時下雨之阻力係數會上升；但是在二十至三十五度時阻力係數卻是下降的。此外，由於大雨的作用有助於延緩氣流從機翼表面分離，本研究結果將對於未來航機操作及工程分析上有若干參考價值。

關鍵字

高升力裝置 ； Trap-Wing機翼 ； 大雨

並列摘要

In recent years, the severe weather condition has significant impact on the take-off and landing phases of the flight. In this research, we focused on analyzing aerodynamic influences under the heavy rain condition and its physical phenomena will be also discussed. To understand the more realistic configuration during the take-off and landing phases, the recent NASA Trap-Wing model was chosen as the aerodynamic test case for our investigation. Trap-Wing model is now becoming the benchmark of high-lift prediction, and this model including fuselage, main wing, slat and flap, the “1st AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop (HiLiftPW-1)” provides the data by wind tunnel test and CFD simulation. We implement ANSYS Fluent v16.0 software to simulate the low speed 0.2 Mach number situations, and investigate the performance and flow field would change physically at different angles of attack. In addition, the combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach of Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used to simulate the two-phase flow during the heavy rain situation. After successfully validating the Trap-Wing model, then the simulation of heavy rain will be added to the same configuration. Our simulation also took wing and fuselage surface roughness effect into account to simulate more closely the performance of passenger aircraft during its flight in the real high lift devices deployment situation. The effects of liquid water content, angle of attack and 3-D wing span on the distribution of the surface water film are also discussed.
Current work reveal that the lift coefficient would reduce in the heavy rain situation at any AoA and the drag coefficient would increase when the AoA is between 5 to 20 deg, just as we expected; but it will decrease further at the higher AoAs between 20 to 35 deg under the same heavy rain situation. However the Trap-Wing configuration’s lift-to-drag ratio observed a several percent reduction at all angle of attacks. Also based on our research, the heavy rain will postpone the stall angle of attack, and the stall phenomenon is becoming less drastic. This work broadly studies the thickness of water film on a 3-D wing with high lift devices in heavy rain conditions and could be of some reference value for future operation or engineering applications.

並列關鍵字

High-lift ； Trap-Wing ； Heavy Rain ； HiLiftPW-1

參考文獻

References

[1] Page, F.H., “The Handley Page Wing,” The Aeronautical Journal, June 192l, p. 263.

[2] Yasuyuki, Y., Irina, V., Akimasa, T., Edwardo, F.F., and Gen, E., “Circulation-controlled high-lift wing for small unmanned aerial vehicle,” ROBOMECH Journal, 2015, p. 3.

[3] van Dam, C.P., “The Aerodynamic Design of Multi-Element High-Lift Systems for Transport Airplanes,” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 38, 2002, pp. 101–144.

[4] NASA, “The 1st AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop (HiLiftPW-1) https://hiliftpw.larc.nasa.gov/index-workshop1.html.”