方回《瀛奎律髓》詩學體系研究

Research on poetics of Ying Kui Lu Sui by Fang Hui

楊婉培(Wan-Pei Yang)

指導教授 ： 顏崑陽

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00745

摘要

本書論題為「方回《瀛奎律髓》詩學體系研究」，旨在廓清古今學者對《瀛奎律髓》價值優劣判斷的迷思：清代評論家對這部書呈現兩極化的評價，而這兩極評價乃是文學家對於詩歌本質的認定殊異所致，進而影響他們對於詩歌的評價；而近現代學者對於《瀛奎律髓》的研究長期存在著「流派優劣」的迷思，論者多固守流派優劣的價值思維，偏頗地以這種價值判斷去印證理解原典，並沒有深入理解這些「優劣」論述可能存在著什麼先決條件與標準。本文藉由清代學者的評點意見及近現代研究成果的考察，逼顯出問題意識。而且，本文的研究並不窠臼於流派孰優孰劣的問題，而是以客觀的角度如實地考察文本所內蘊的脈絡意義，建構方回《瀛奎律髓》的詩學體系。
本文設立「詩的本質論與功能論」、「詩的創作論」、「詩的批評論」此一論述框架來進行研究。此三者有密切的關聯，卻又是不同層位的思考。以文學而言，對詩本質的認知常會決定詩的創作實踐與批評。若某一作家認定什麼樣的詩是好詩，那麼，在創作實踐的過程中，必然朝著自己所認知的好詩而努力實踐著，期許自己也能作出好詩。當我們確立詩本質後，才能進一步去理解選者是如何依據這個本質，去規範創作這一層次的種種問題。然而，若是以讀者的立場去閱讀別人的詩，通常也會以自己心中理想的詩當做標準，評判各篇詩作的優與劣。因此，詩本質之認定，實是理解一位文學家詩學觀點的緊要處，由此亦可看出此一框架的緊密性。
文學家皆因自己的「在場性」而對「詩的本質」提出規創性的論述，我們要探求的就是方回《瀛奎律髓》對「詩的本質」究竟做了什麼規創性本質論述？通過史料的分析論證，我們抽繹出方回對詩歌本質的認定是「形神交融」，這個本質的界義又該如何理解？而本質必然對應著功能，在他的心中，詩又具有什麼樣的功能呢？
在創作論部分，首先著眼於在創作過程中的詩人工夫修養。方回認為平素應該具備什麼樣的涵養，才能創作出好詩？再者，創作的過程必然得經過學習，因此，學古的態度、方法也是影響著能否作出好詩的關鍵。此外，我們也將揭明方回提出的「活法」創作法則究竟是什麼意義？並考察他所主張的創作技巧有哪些？是否合乎他自己所提出的創作原則？
批評者往往以自己對詩本質的認定及創作經驗來檢視他人的創作。因此，在批評論部分，本文的工作便是要考察方回如何進行批評？採取什麼批評準則？我們找出「格、意、語」這一組批評原則，並分析論述三者之意涵；再構立出「詮釋」與「評價」兩種「批評目的」，以此考察方回詩學的批評論。
最末，綜合各個層次所獲致的觀點，進而提出最終的解答，重構方回《瀛奎律髓》的詩學體系。

關鍵字

方回 ； 瀛奎律髓 ； 詩學 ； 本質論 ； 功能論 ； 創作論 ； 批評論

並列摘要

The title of the thesis is〝 Research on poetics of Ying Kui Lu Sui by Fang Hui〞.The main purpose is to clarify the myth of evaluation about 〝Ying Kui Lu Sui〞for all ancient and modern scholars had. The description as follows: the essayists of Qing- dynasty have a polarization of the book. The polarization is resulted from the different recognition of poems essayists take, and also affects the evaluation of the poems. And modern scholars have the myth of judging what is the best school on researching the book chronically. The scholars defend the thoughts tenaciously, and show preference for understanding the previous poems without minding the precondition and criterion may be existed in the discussion. The thesis intends to develop the issue through the comments of Qing-dynasty scholars and the modern investigation. Besides, the thesis doesn’t stereotype what is the best school, it will construct the context within the poetics of 〝Ying Kui Lu Sui〞 by Fang Hui objectively and honestly.
The thesis do the research in the structure of Foundationism and Functionalism、Creativitism、Criticism of poems. There are strong connections between the three theories but in vertical thinking. For the literature, what we recognize the foundation of the poem affects the creation and comment of it. If a good poet considers what is a good poem, then he will definitely practice and look forward to create a poem as good as that in his mind. Only after establishing the foundation of the poem, we can realize how chooser standardizes every issue of the creation according to the foundation. However, as a reader, we often evaluate the advantage and inferiority of every poem in a basis of the best poem in our mind. As a result, the recognition of the poem is the key point understanding the poetic view scholars own and let us believe the strong connection of the structure.
Scholars advance creative discuss about〝 the foundation of the poem〞 standing on 〝the times they exist〞. What we are going to find out is what kind of creative discuss about the foundation in the book 〝Ying Kui Lu Sui〞by Fang Hui? We deduce that Fang Hui recognize the foundation of the poem is blended with〝form and spirit〞by analyzing source books. But how do we realize the definition of this foundation? And as we know, the foundation is with corresponding function. We are also trying to find out what kind of function of a poem should has in his mind?
In creativitism, we should emphasis on the efforts and training during the creation process. We are going to find out what abilities a poet ought to have to create a good poem ordinarily. Furthermore, only through learning can achieve creation. So, the attitude and approach from the old research are the key point creating a good poem. Above-mentioned we are going to discuss in this article. Besides, we will reveal what is 〝the flexible rule〞by Fang Hui, and find out the skills he advocates when creating poems, and whether the skills are corresponding to that rule.
The essayists often judge other people’s creations in a basis of their recognition of the foundation of the poem and their creating experience. So, in criticism, we will survey how Fang Hui do the criticize and what rules he adopts. We find out a rule called〝classification, thought, and phraseology〞, and analyze the meaning of them. And then construct the interpretation and evaluation these two purposes to survey the criticism by Fang Hui.
Finally, we will integrate each viewpoint and bring up the ultimate explain, and reconstruct the poetic of 〝Ying Kui Lu Sui〞 by Fang Hui.

並列關鍵字

Fang Hui ； Ying Kui Lu Sui ； poetic ； Foundationism ； Functionalism ； Creativitism ； Criticism

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