- 學位論文
歐盟與聯合國全球環境治理合作關係之研究─以京都議定書為例
European Union and United Nations’s Cooperational Relations in Global Environmental Governance─Case Study: Kyoto Protocol.
摘要
氣候變遷在現今已是刻不容緩的全球議題，由於涵蓋範圍廣泛，無法透過國家的單一力量來規範，1997年開放簽訂的《京都議定書》也就應運而生，透過聯合國的框架來規範各國排放溫室氣體的質量。而歐盟在聯合國全球環境治理適時地發揮了規範性的角色，東擴後的歐盟成員國增加至27國，歐盟憲法又即將生效，預期在未來歐盟在國際上將扮演舉足輕重的角色。到了後冷戰時代，議題有多極化和全球化的趨勢，需要國際體系每個成員共同努力解決，歐盟和聯合國在人權和環境議題上的緊密合作即是最佳的例子；而當今規範氣候變遷最具代表性的國際公約即是《京都議定書》，歐盟便是在聯合國制定的框架下在世界扮演推動《京都議定書》的角色，與聯合國一起相輔相成達成減緩全球暖化的目標。 此外，在多極的國際體系下，歐盟透過與成員互動之關係發揮其規範力量，一方面不僅可以加強聯合國全球環境治理的力量，歐盟自身的國際影響力也會因此獲得提升，進而凝聚歐盟內部會員國彼此間的意識，有助於歐盟東擴後的整合。《京都議定書》自1996年產出至2004年生效前，歷經很長一段爭辯時期，在幾次差點談判失敗的會議上，歐盟在其中扮演彈性的居中協調者，說服歐盟外部和內部的行為者，這一互動的過程不論是否順遂，都展現出歐盟意在運用多邊外交手段來建構出一個更為環境的國際氛圍，透過聯合國這一平台傳達價值。 儘管歐盟和聯合國在環境議題方面合作無間，但雙方在攜手進行合作之時仍面臨些許困境，能否克服這些阻礙和困難將是歐盟和聯合國在未來希冀提升影響力時所必須思考，進而在環境議題上強化歐盟這一柔性強權和聯合國合作的規範性力量。然而可以確定的是，彼此的命運在未來將是休戚與共。
並列摘要
Climate changes is a very urgent global topic now, because it is hard to cope with by one country’s power. Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, standardize the quality that various countries discharge the gas of the greenhouse under the framework of the United Nations. European Union has played the regulatory role in the global environmental government. EU member states has increased to 27 countries after enlargement in 2004. And the Lisbon Treaty will come into force soon. Therfore it is expected that EU would play an more important role in the world in the future. Also, every topic has multipolarity and globalizes after cold war. EU and UN’s common values were similar. Both of them focus on some soft topics, such as human rights and environmental. Kyoto Protocol was the most representative international convention of climate changes nowadays. As a result, EU and UN always cooperate to promotes Kyoto goal under the framework of UN. EU also do well in relating other UN member states. EU can not merely improve UN’s global environmental, but also increase its own international influence. Kyoto Protocol goes through a very long period and argues heavily from 1996 to 2004. EU always coordinate two parties among them. EU tried its best to make a conclusion during every conference EU’s purpose is to use the multilateral diplomacy to build and construct international sphere. And UN is the best platform to express EU’s purpose. Kyoto protocol is a good case to study for understanding EU and UN’s cooperations. They have cooperated continuously in environmental for more than 30 years. However, in order to facilitate their cooperation, both sides still face some predicaments while entering into cooperation hand in hand, could overcome these hinder from with European Union and the United Nations must while hope to improve the influence in the future. And then strengthen their power on the environmental. One thing we can be sure is that EU and UN’s destiny would stick to each other very much in the future.