大學生自我概念與失敗恐懼之關係──以罪惡感與羞愧感為調節變項

The Moderator Effects of Guilt and Shame on the Relationship between Self-concept and Fear of Failure

劉守恆(Shou-Heng Liu)

指導教授 ： 宋鴻燕

淡江大學/教育學院/教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2021.00580

摘要

本研究檢驗自我概念與失敗恐懼之間關係，並建立模型檢核罪惡感與羞愧感作為複雜社會化情緒在其中是否具有調節效果。失敗恐懼是大學生階段中無論人際關係、學業成就、自我認同等等均時常出現的複雜情緒，過往相關研究指出失敗恐懼源於自我保護機制，然而在諮商實務現場總能發現此保護機制可能帶來諸多不適應、亦可能使個體進入負向惡性循環，其中罪惡感與羞愧感此二種指涉道德、理想、自我價值的複雜情緒亦與失敗恐懼有著千絲萬縷的關係，但是罪惡感與羞愧感如何區分、此二種情緒是否居中放大、縮小失敗恐懼，抑或是罪惡感與羞
愧感在其中本身便有特殊涵意，目前仍未有定論。本研究探討驗證台灣本土大學生自我概念與失敗恐懼之間關係，並檢驗罪惡感與羞愧感在其中是否具有調節效果、中介效果。研究以網路與紙本自陳式問卷調查收集樣本以進行橫斷式研究,共收取大台北地區八所公私立大專院校有
效樣本 469 人，研究工具採用大學生自我概念量表、中文版罪惡感與羞愧感量表、中文版表現失敗量表。研究結果顯示：自我概念、罪惡感、羞愧感對於失敗恐懼具有顯著解釋力；罪惡感與羞愧感在自我概念與失敗恐懼之間具有顯著部分中介效果,此外，本研究藉由探討大學生量表測得現況，發現大學生在失敗恐懼中，比起害怕關係減損、自我價值減損，更加害怕經驗負向情緒本身，此結果與文獻探討結果相較，失敗恐懼源自自我價值保護等論述可進一步擴增加入考量「經驗到情緒」的歷程對個體之影響，並依據研究結果提出研究建議與實務工作上建
議。

關鍵字

自我概念 ； 罪惡感 ； 羞愧感 ； 失敗恐懼 ； GASP ； 中介變項 ； 調節變項

並列摘要

This study investigates the moderating effect of guilt and shame between self-concept and fear of failure. A cross-sectional study design was conducted to recruit college students from eight schools in Taipei by using a set of a structured questionnaires, which was used to collect data including the basic information, self-concept, guilt, shame, and fear of failure. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, inferential statistics including t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Besides, hierarchical linear model and bootstraps were used to analyze if guilt and shame were mediators or moderators. The study used online- and paper- based self-reporting questionnaires to collect samples for cross-sectional research. A total of 469 valid samples were collected from eight public or private colleges and universities in Taipei. The research included three tools: the college students’ self-concept scale and the Traditional Chinese version of Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, the Chinese version of the
Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. The results showed that self-concept, guilt, and shame can explain fear of failure with a great adjusted coefficient of determination. Guilt and shame have a significant partial mediating effect between self-concept and fear of failure. In addition, this study explores the current
situation of the college student scale and found that in the fear of failure, college students were more afraid
of experiencing negative emotions than being afraid of relationship loss and self-worth loss. Compared with the results of the literature research, fear of failure arguments derived from self-worth protection can be further expanded. Also, it has been proving that adding on to consider the impact of the process of
"experiencing emotions" for college students. Based on the research results, some research and practical
recommendations were discussed for research in the future.

並列關鍵字

self-concept ； guilt ； shame ； fear of failure ； GASP ； mediator ； moderator

參考文獻

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中文文獻

王小鳳、占友龍、燕良軾(2016)。中文版內疚和羞恥傾向量表的信效度檢驗，中國臨床心理學雜誌，24(5)，865-868。

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何端容、楊明磊(2013)。看不見的鞭子-罪惡感與自責的意義與心理治療的應用。諮商與輔導學報，(334)，30-34。