華語教材中節日文化禁忌之設計-以中元節為主題

在跨文化交際中，由於信仰、文化、地區、生活習慣等的不同，人們經常會遇到一個比較敏感的問題，就是禁忌文化。節日禁忌是各國文化中普遍存在的一種復雜的文化和社會現像，這種特定的民俗文化既是一種生活氛圍，又是一種生活模式。本研究希望能藉由此教材使非母語學習者來我國遇到節日時，除了能有文化體驗之外，也能知道相關節日之禁忌，旨在減少在交際過程中引起的不悅或者反感，避免語用失誤或是行為上的不恰當，進而提升跨文化交際效果。本研究採用了內容分析、演繹法和問卷調查法。研究者參照前人的相關文獻資料做蒐集、整理與歸納，再根據華語教材編寫之理論與原則編製教材，並以華語專家評鑑與教材之修正等步驟呈現一個單元（中元節）為教材設計之範例。此自編教材融合我國節日禁忌文化與華語教學之特性，期望能編寫具有實用性、文化性與趣味性的教材範例。此外，也希望本研究能為教授節日禁忌的華語教師們與未來相關研究者參考。

關鍵字

華語教材；教材設計；節日禁忌；中元節

並列摘要

In intercultural communication, people differ in terms of beliefs, cultures, regions and lifestyles. A more sensitive issue is often encountered which is taboo culture. Festival taboos are complex cultural and social phenomena that prevail in various cultures. These particular types of folk culture are both a living atmosphere and a life mode. This study hopes that when non-native speakers come to Taiwan, in addition to having a cultural experience, they can also become aware of the taboos of the relevant festivals reducing the dissatisfaction or resentment commonly occuring in the communication process. As a result of avoiding pragmatic mistakes or behavioral failures, cross-cultural communication should improve. This study used content analysis, deductive methods and questionnaires. The researcher collected, organized and summarized the relevant literature of predecessors, compiling the textbooks according to the theory and principles of Chinese textbooks. A unit presenting the Chinese Ghost Festival was developed as an example of a textbook designed using Chinese expert evaluation with corresponding correction of teaching materials. This self-editing textbook combines the characteristics of Chinese festival taboo culture and Chinese language teaching, to facilitate the writing of practical, culturally relevant and interesting textbooks. In addition, this study can be used as a reference for Chinese language teachers and educational researchers regarding festival taboo acculturation.