抗近紅外線織物的開發與研究

近紅外線(Near Infrared，NIR)為一種類型的電磁波，波長範圍大約介於700 nm到1500 nm之間。應用上如夜視儀、雷達等探測科技，是藉由發射NIR，經由物體反射，讓探測器接收訊號，轉為影像，進而能在眼睛辨別為模糊的情況下觀測物體。作戰時若無法防止敵軍探測器的偵測，不但影響戰場上的躲匿效果，降低存活率，同時突襲任務也會輕易被發現而失敗。因此抗NIR織物的開發，是個重要課題。本實驗挑選出能夠吸收NIR的粉體Iriotec-9875®(Ir)，其優點在於吸收NIR的同時，對可見光影響較小。將Ir粉末均勻分散於水性聚氨酯(Water Polyurethane，WPU)中，塗於織物上，從不同Ir添加量、不同布種：聚酯纖維(Polyester，PET)、耐綸(Nylon)，不同碼重(PET 1.3 g及0.7 g)三個方向去作NIR吸收度量測，從中探討於不同材料、不同觸感時的NIR較佳吸收效益，並作出少溶劑、有環保概念之抗NIR功能的織物。實驗結果方面顯示：(1)WPU-Ir塗料放置一天後，膜厚度在100 μm下，薄膜形態緻密、平整，透明且無粗糙手感。(2)隨著Ir添加量的提升，NIR遮蔽效果越顯著，WPU-Ir 20的吸收度可達到10.89。(3)挑選出的三種布中，NIR吸收度效果是P0.7 > P1.3 > N1.3。(4)WPU-Ir的塗佈可增加布料之斷裂強度。P1.3的斷裂強度可從84.6 kgf上升至102.8 kgf； N1.3則是從33.7 kgf 上升至39.9 kgf。

關鍵字

水性聚氨酯；遮蔽近紅外線；聚酯纖維；耐綸

並列摘要

Near Infrared (NIR) is one kind of electromagnetic wave which wavelength is between 700 nm and1500 nm. The application of NIR can be used in military, detections and so on. The theory about the NIR detector was shooting the NIR to the targets, and using sensors to get the NIR reflection signal. Convert the signal into the clear images, then the images can be observed in dark or fuzzy environment. In military, if the NIR detection from enemy can’t be prevented, the probalility of success for tasks and survival rate would be lower. So development and research of anti-near infrared fabrics is an important issue. The inorganic powder, Iriotec-9875® (Ir), will be used in the research. The advantage of Ir can absorb the NIR and lower the influence of visible light. By mixing the Ir and Water Polyurethane (WPU), then painting on fabric, the absorbance will be measured in three different aspects: different amount of Ir, different materials for Polyester (PET), Nylon and different weight of PET (0.7g and 1.3g). According to the study, the better anti-NIR and environmental friendly product can be found. Test results show that: (1) The coating of WPU-Ir can be spread uniformly. When the film thickness is within 100 μm, the film will be flat, dense and smooth. (2) The NIR absorbance will be higher with the increase of Ir. The NIR absorbance of WPU-Ir 20 can achieved 10.89. (3) In three different fabrics, the effect of NIR absorbance : P0.7 > P1.3 > N1.3. (4) The fabric with WPU-Ir coating can increase the breaking strength. P1.3 breaking strength increased from 84.6 kgf to 102.8 kgf. N1.3 breaking strength can increased from 33.7 kgf to 39.9 kgf.