使用乙酸甲酯/二甲基亞碸共溶劑進行靜電紡絲製備疏水性聚乳酸纖維膜之研究

Hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) fiber membranes by electrospinning using methyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide co-solvent

黃彥儒(Yan-Ru Huang)

指導教授 ： 張朝欽

淡江大學/工學院/化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2021.00648

摘要

靜電紡絲技術為目前製備高分子微米/奈米纖維的技術之一，靜電紡絲機的設備簡單且通用性高，得到的奈米纖維性質，包括高比表面積、高孔隙率和多樣化的結構，然而其缺點是製程過程大多使用對環境有害的溶劑以及纖維薄膜成品的機械性質不佳，因此，環保溶劑對於減少製程過程中的污染至關重要。研究目標是電紡出纖維直徑均勻且可控制的完整纖維，研究變因包含溶液的濃度和黏度，還有靜電紡絲過程中的流速、電壓、針內徑和工作距離。
　　本研究選擇生物可降解的聚乳酸作為實驗材料，有別於過去溶解聚乳酸對環境危害性較高的溶劑，如二氯甲烷、六氟異丙醇和二甲基甲醯胺等，選擇毒性較低的溶劑，乙酸甲酯與二甲基亞碸配製高分子溶液，再透過靜電紡絲技術製備數微米的纖維。研究結果顯示纖維直徑約為1~3微米，纖維的表面有孔洞結構，聚乳酸纖維膜水的接觸角可大於130 °，具高疏水性，並將紡絲纖維膜進行XRD與DSC分析，探討其結晶性及熱力學變化，XRD和DSC分析結果表明形成的纖維結晶度低，玻璃化轉變溫度後會出現冷結晶。

關鍵字

靜電紡絲 ； 聚乳酸 ； 乙酸甲酯 ； 二甲基亞碸 ； 環保溶劑 ； 共溶劑 ； 疏水性

並列摘要

Electrospinning is currently one of the technologies for producing polymer micro/nano fibers. The electrospinning equipment is simple and versatile. The properties of the obtained fibers include high specific surface area, high porosity, and diversified structure. Nevertheless, the solvents in the manufacturing process are environmentally hazardous, and the mechanical property of the fiber film is still poor. Therefore, environmentally-friendly solvents are essential to reduce the pollution in the manufacturing process. The research goal is to electrospin defect-free fibers with uniform and controllable fiber diameters. The electrospinning process conditions (include the concentration and viscosity of the solution, as well as the flow rate, voltage, needle inner diameter, and working distance) affect the fiber type and diameter.
　　In this study, biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was selected as the experimental material. In the past, the solvents used to dissolve PLA were hazardous, such as dichloromethane, hexafluoroisopropanol, and dimethylformamide. Thence, low toxic solvents, methyl acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide, were selected, and then fibers were produced by electrospinning. The experimental results showed that fiber diameters were about 1~3 μm, and the surfaces of the fibers had potholes. The fiber membranes were hydrophobic with contact angles more than 130 °. The fiber membranes were analyzed by XRD and DSC to explore their crystallinity and thermodynamic changes. The results showed the formed fibers had low crystallinity, and cold crystallization was found after the glass transition temperature.

並列關鍵字

electrospinning ； poly(lactic acid) ； methyl acetate ； dimethyl sulfoxide ； environmentally friendly solvents ； cosolvents ； hydrophobic

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