摘要
山崩常受到地震或豪雨之誘發，山崩幾何形狀是地形或地質等條件之綜合結果。本研究利用山崩航照判釋圖分析山崩幾何形狀，藉由長短軸比比較地震或豪雨誘發山崩之差異，進一步建立山崩幾何形狀及山崩規模與滑動深度之關係。其間引進碎形觀念以雙點相關維度（Dcorr）與級配方格維度（Db(A)）兩個參數來描述山崩群間遠近的疏密程度及山崩群面積大小分佈特性，據以比較地震型和豪雨型山崩之空間分佈與規模大小分佈之特性。最後，並以河系方格維度（Db(R)）與山崩分佈位置及規模間兩者間之關連性，以了解河系分佈對山崩之影響。 結果得致下列主要結論：（1）豪雨型山崩面積之長短軸（L/W ）變化在1~8倍之間；地震型山崩面積之長短軸變化，約在1~5倍之間。在L/W<2時，山崩形狀屬於葉狀型；豪雨型山崩形狀較地震型山崩形狀狹長。（2）地震型山崩坍塌位置分佈之雙關維度值Dcorr較大，即山崩間位置相對較隨機；而豪雨型坍塌位置分佈之Dcorr值較小，即其分佈位置較集中。（3）地震型山崩面積大小之級配方格維度Db(A)大，表示地震誘發之山崩規模大小成份較廣泛，即坍塌面積有大有小；而豪雨型山崩Db(A)值較小顯示豪雨型坍塌面積差異性較小，山崩規模較一致。（4）河系分佈越廣越發達時，大小河道支流較散佈，反應Db(R)值越大，在該流域山崩位置分佈Dcorr值與山崩面積級配方格維度Db(A)值均越大。（5）山崩位置多發生在源頭一級溪流附近，顯示坍塌多在上游溪流附近。
並列摘要
The landslide usually results from earthquake or heavy rain. The landslide geometric is the result of the composition of the terrain or the geology. This research uses aero photos to analyze the landslide geometric terrain and further make the relation to the landslide geometric shape , landslide scale and the depth of sliding by the differences between earthquake and heavy rain that results in the landslide. In the process , using fractal theory and the parameters of Dcorr and Db(A) describe the landslides near and far and the characteristic of the landslide spreading area . According to the former description, the characteristic of earthquake landslide’s spreading and scale compare with earthquake and heavy rain landslide. Finally, we can understand the effect of river spreading and landslide by the relationship of Db(R) and the landslide position and scale. The following are the main results: (1)An area of heavy rain landslide of major axis / minor axis is between 1~8 times , and an area of earthquake landslide changes about 1~5 times . (2)The Dcorr for earthquake landslide collapse of position spreading is much bigger . In other words, the relative position between landslides is much more random.The Dcorr for heavy rain landslide collapse of position spreading is smaller than earthquake slide , that is,the relative position between landslides is more intensive . (3)The Db(A) of earthquake landslide’s area is big and it shows that the scale of landslide resulted from earthquake is more widespread. On the other hand, Db(A) of haevy rain landslide is small and it shows that its scale of collapsing is an accordance. (4)When the rivers spread widely, big and small river course’s branches are more widespread. In the same time, Db(R) is more and more big. (5)The position of landslide often occurs near first order streams, and it shows collapses are usually near upper river.