台灣民眾之減碳意圖與行為探討

隨著時代的演進、科技的進步，雖然讓全球經濟及人們的居住品質提升不少，但環境也遭受到強烈的破壞，而溫室氣體所造成的全球暖化及氣候變遷日益嚴重。為了因應此危機，節能減碳遂成了當今熱門的議題之一。大眾常聽到使用節能電器、搭乘大眾運輸工具、減少焚香燒金紙等，都是屬於節能減碳的一環，因此也提升了人們對於環境保護及節能減碳的觀念。本研究以Ajzen (1985) 所提出之計畫行為理論作為基礎理論，並參考許忠義等（2009）之理論模型，將「過去減碳行為」作為新增變數，實證探討台灣18歲以上民眾在全面(含交通運輸面、電器使用面、焚香燒金紙面)以及個別面向之減碳意圖。所採用之資料，為中央研究院「深度減碳邁向永續社會」計畫於2017年11-12月間進行之電話訪問資料。研究結果顯示，不管是在全面還是交通運輸面、電器使用面及焚香燒紙面，減碳態度、行為控制知覺、主觀規範對於減碳意圖皆有正向且顯著之影響。而在加入過去減碳行為後，模型解釋力有所提升，過去減碳行為對於減碳意圖有正面且顯著的影響。在人口特性變數方面，本研究發現教育程度對於減碳意圖並沒有顯著之影響；會焚香燒金紙之宗教團體，減碳意圖較低；受訪民眾年所得越高，越傾向選擇購買節能電器。

關鍵字

計畫行為理論；減碳意圖；過去減碳行為

並列摘要

As time goes by and the technology advances, although the global economy and the quality of people's living have been greatly improved, the environment has also suffered severe damage. The global warming and climate change caused by greenhouse gases have become increasingly serious. In order to face this crisis, energy conservation and carbon reduction have become one of the hot issues nowadays. We often hear the promotions of using energy-saving appliances, choosing public transportation, and reducing amount of joss paper. Therefore, the general public gradually increase the perception on environmental protection, energy conservation, and carbon reduction. The purpose of the thesis is to study the general people’s intentions of carbon reduction in the aspects of transportation taking, electrical appliance using, and joss paper and incense burning. It applies the Theory of Planned Behavior proposed by Ajzen (1985) as the basic theory and adds the past carbon-reduction behavior as a new variable to extend the model according to Xu et al. (2009) . Using a telephone survey data set proceeded by the Academia Sinica during November and December in 2017, this study explores the carbon-reduction intentions of the people who are over 18 years old in Taiwan. The results show that the variables of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm have significantly positive effects on carbon-reduction intention no matter in which aspect. The past carbon-reduction behavior also has a significantly positive influence on intentions. The explanatory power of model has been improved after adding the variable of past behavior. Regarding the variables of demographic characteristics, it is shown that the educational level has no significant effect on intention and the religious groups who have the custom of burning joss paper and incense have lower intention on carbon reduction. In addition, it is more possible for higher income people to use the energy-saving appliances.