日本少子高齡化社會下國際移民之研究

根據聯合國估計，全球總生育率由 1960 年至 1965 年的 4.97 人，下降到 2000 年至 2005 年的 2.69 人。全球總人口數減少除整體經濟環境改變外，另一個要注意的問題則是少子高齡化，而其中又以日本情況最為嚴重。因此為維持日本社會的經濟活動及勞動力的確保，投入新的勞動力資源是必要的。日本政府以投入女性勞動力、延長退休人口年齡、活用年輕勞動力來解決當前勞動力不足的問題，然而，若是直接引進國際移民來填補勞動力不足的缺口會對日本社會帶來怎樣的影響？本研究從引進國際移民的角度作論點分析。本研究的目的可分為三點。一、探討日本1950年至2010年人口結構變遷關係。二、探討日本1950年至2010年人口結構改變下帶來的「國際移民」趨勢。三、探討移民政策執行後多文化共生之挑戰。本研究結論可歸納如下三點：一、在勞動力不足的情況下，引進國際移民可適時紓緩特定部門的市場需求。二、國際移民並非造成日本治安問題的主要原因。三、雖然政府強調和諧共生政策，但若日本國民不出自真心接納外籍移民，那麼因文化紛爭及意識形態的不同而導致的治安問題將層出不窮。全球化浪潮下帶來的人口移動與經濟發展效果顯著，考量國際人口移動問題，制定相關法律進行管理，給予相對的社會福利，實為日本政府在面臨國際移民及治安管理上的首要排解之事。

關鍵字

少子高齡化；勞動力不足；人口結構；國際移民；跨國犯罪；多文化共生

並列摘要

According to United Nations estimation that the global total fertility rate from 1960 is 1965 to 4.97 people,and down 2.69 during 2000 to 2005 of. In addition to reducing the number of total global population, the overall economic environment has changed. Another problem is the declining birthrate aging, which may be the most serious problem in Taiwan&Japan. Therefore, to maintain the economic activities of Japanese society and Japan workforce ensuring the commissioning of new labor force is necessary. To solve such problem, Japanese Government to put in female labor force, to extend the retirement age of the population, and utilize the young labor force .However, whether applying direct introduction of international migration could fill gaps in the labor shortage in Japan. In this study, remains uncertain the perspective of international migration point analysis were implemented. The purpose of this study can be divided into three. exploring population changes from 1950to2010,exploring the effectsof“international migration”trend on Japan population, and analyzing the immigration policy implemented after the challenges of multicultural coexistence. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. On the case of labor shortage, the introduction of international migration can be a timely relief of sector-specific market needs. 2.International migration was not the main reason for law and order problem caused by Japan. 3.The Government had stressed harmony policies. However, Japanese did not really accept foreign immigrants. Therefore, the cultural and ideological disputes caused by the different law and order issues would be an endless stream. The next wave of globalization has brought the population movement and a significant effect on economic development. international population movements taking into consideration the development of relevant laws to manage, given the relative social welfare is indeed Japanese government priority problem needed to be solved.

並列關鍵字

Lower Birth Rate and Aging Society ； Labor Shortage ； Demographic ； InternationalMigrants ； Transnational crime ； Multicultural

參考文獻

小土井彰弘(2003)「移民政策の国際比較」明石書店。

Keely ,Charles B.N.Tran(1989) “Remittances from Labor Migration:Evalutions,Performance and Simon,Julian L(1989) The Economic Consequence of Immigration, Cambrige,MA:Basil Blackwell

McDonald(2006)”Low Fertility and the state: the efficacy of policy,” Population and Development Review 32(3):485-510

McDonald and Kippen(2001)”Low Fertility and Liberal Democracy in Western Europe “Labor supply prospects in 16 development countries, 2000-2050,Population and Development Review 27(1):1-32McDonald，ibid, pp.1485-510

Stalker, P. 1994. Chapter 3 (Why People Move). In The Work of Strangers: A Survey of International Labor Migration,” written by P. Stalker, Pp. 21-40. Geneva: International

國際替代計量

日本少子高齡化社會下國際移民之研究

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