金融素養與退休準備關聯性之研究

本研究主要以橘色世代(泛指50至64歲)為研究對象，探討橘色世代的金融素養與退休準備程度之間的關聯性。本論文以滾雪球抽樣方式進行抽樣，共計發出了400份問卷，回收了349份有效樣本，總計有效樣本回收率為87.25%。透過描述性統計、探索性因素分析、信度分析、獨立樣本T檢定與變異數分析、相關分析及迴歸分析等方法來驗證本研究所提出之各項假設，其主要研究結果如下： 1. 就金融素養而言，以「理財責任與決策」知識瞭解程度最高，其次依序為「金錢管理與規劃」、「信用與借貸」、「風險管理與保險」、「儲蓄與投資」，最低的是「所得與職業」。 2. 就退休準備而言，以「健康準備」程度表現最高，其次是「幸福準備」、「應急計畫」，最低的是「財富準備」，此顯示出受訪的橘色世代，他們表現較高的退休後的健康準備，其次則是幸福準備。 3. 男性橘色世代受訪者在「理財責任與決策」、「所得與職業」及「儲蓄與投資」知識的瞭解程度顯著高於女性。 4. 嬰兒潮世代(55-64歲)的受訪者在「信用與借貸」、「風險管理與保險」、「儲蓄與投資」等金融知識顯著低於X世代(50-54歲)的受訪者。 5. 教育程度越高的受訪者其「理財責任與決策」、「金錢管理與規劃」、「信用與借貸」、「風險管理與保險」、「儲蓄與投資」等知識的瞭解程度越高。 6. 去年繳交所得稅的稅率越高的受訪者其「理財責任與決策」、「所得與職業」、「金錢管理與規劃」、「信用與借貸」、「風險管理與保險」、「儲蓄與投資」等知識的瞭解程度越高。 7. 金融素養構面中之「理財責任與決策」、「金錢管理與規劃」對退休準備四大構面(幸福準備、健康準備、財富準備、應急計畫)均有顯著的正向影響，而金融素養構面中之「信用與借貸」則對退休準備四大構面無顯著影響。

關鍵字

橘色世代；金融素養；退休準備

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationships between financial literacy and retirement readiness of the orange-generation (generally 50 to 64 years old). Snowball sampling is applied in the research, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 349 valid questionnaires were returned, resulting in a return rate of 87.25%. By illustrating the descriptive statistics analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, T test & ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, the main results of the study are presented as the following: 1. In terms of financial literacy, the knowledge of “financial responsibility and decision making” is the highest, followed by “planning and money management”, “credit and debt”, “risk management and insurance”, “saving and investing”, and the lowest is “income and careers”. 2. In terms of retirement preparation, “health preparation” was the highest, followed by “happiness preparation”, “emergency planning”, and “wealth preparation”, which showed that the orange generation who were interviewed showed higher health preparation after retirement, followed by “happiness preparation”. 3. Male orange-generation respondents have a significantly higher level of knowledge in “finance responsibility and decision making”, “income and careers” and “saving and investing” than female respondents. 4. The baby boomers have significantly lower financial knowledge of “credit and debt”, “risk management and insurance”, and “saving and investing” than the X generation respondents. 5. The higher the level of education, the higher the understanding of the knowledge of “financial responsibility and decision making”, “planning and money management”, “credit and debt”, “risk management and insurance” and “saving and investing”. 6. The higher of the level of income tax rate of last year, the higher understanding of “financial responsibility and decision making”, “income and careers”, “planning and money management”, “credit and debt”, “risk management and insurance” and “saving and investing” 7. “Financial responsibility and decision making” and “planning and money management” from the perspective of financial literacy have significant positive effects on the four dimensions of retirement preparation (happiness preparation, health preparation, wealth preparation and emergency planning), while “credit and debt” has no significant effects on the four dimensions of retirement preparation.