利用相分離法製備多孔型高分子平板薄膜及中空纖維薄膜之研究

Formation of Porous Polymeric Flat and Hollow-fiber Membranes by Phase Separation Methods

張旭賢(Hsu-Hsien Chang)

指導教授 ： 鄭廖平

淡江大學/工學院/化學工程與材料工程學系博士班/博士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00991

摘要

本研究主要探討各種相分離法所製備之多孔型高分子平板薄膜及中空纖維薄膜。首先以相分離法(phase separation methods)為製作多孔型高分子薄膜的主要基調，分別利用非溶劑誘導相分離法(non-solvent induced phase separation；NIPS)、熱誘導相分離法(thermal induced phase separation；TIPS)及冷溶劑誘導相分離法(cold-solvent induced phase separation；CIPS)製備多孔型高分子平板薄膜，並一一研究討論。本研究另於聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜之結晶型態做進一步的研究，利用非溶劑誘導相分離法來製作PVDF薄膜，藉由改變不同極性的溶劑(DMF、DMSO、TEP)與一系列不同碳數的醇類(C1~C8)非溶劑當作變因，探討成膜過程中極性溶劑與不同碳數的醇類非溶劑分別所扮演的角色，並推論出其對PVDF薄膜結晶型態的影響。此外，利用摻合溶洗法(template-leaching method)將氟系二成分共聚物(Kynar 2750)摻合同樣是氟系之三成分共聚物(Kynar 9301)，並溶洗出三成分共聚物而製成Poly(VDF-co-HFP)多孔型薄膜，探討溶洗之溶劑濃度與溫度效應之影響。然後將所有疏水之平板型高分子多孔薄膜應用於薄膜蒸餾程序。最後，本研究亦以非溶劑誘導相分離法利用中空纖維紡絲模組製備中空纖維薄膜並加以探討有關內部非溶劑與外部非溶劑對於成膜之影響。

關鍵字

多孔型薄膜 ； 中空纖維薄膜 ； 相分離法 ； 聚偏二氟乙烯

並列摘要

In this research we focus on investigations of the formation of porous polymeric flat-sheet and hollow fiber membranes by phase separation methods. First, flat-sheet pourse membrames are prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), thermal induced phase separation (TIPS), and cold-solvent induced phase separation (CIPS) methods. The mechanisms for membrane formation by varios methods are discussed. Next, formation of microporous PVDF membranes by precipitation of casting dopes made from different solvents (DMF, TEP and DMSO) in different alcohol baths (methanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol) are reported. The effects of solvents’ polarities and alcohols’ carbon number, on the crystal types of the formed PVDF membranes are discussed. In addition, template-leaching method is used to prepare microporous poly(VDF-co-HFP) membranes. A composite film consists of poly(VDF-co-HFP) and poly(VDF-co- TFE-co-HFP) is prepared by common solution blending-drying method. Then, the terpolymer is leached out in an acetone aqueous solution to yield a microporous membrane. By controlling the terpolymer content in the blend and the leaching condition, membranes with different porous structures and porosity are obtained. These hydrophobic flat membranes are applied to membrane distillation. Finally, pourse polymeric hollow fiber membrames are prepared by NIPS spinning process with special consideration on the effects of inner and outer non-solvent.

並列關鍵字

porous membrane ； hollow fiber membrane ； phase separation methods ； poly(vinylidene fluoride)

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