中國大陸國家監察委員會之研究

伴隨著日益嚴峻的貪腐問題和反腐工作的深入，中國大陸在2016年開始大力推行紀檢監察體制改革，提出要構建集中統一、權威高效的國家監察體系。在2018年3月11日第十三屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上通過《中華人民共和國憲法修正案》，設立了全新的國家監察機關——國家監察委員會，被賦予了監察權，同時通過了《中華人民共和國監察法》，確立了全新的監察體系。國家監察委員會的設立整合了過去大陸的反腐監察資源力量，形成了一個全新的、獨立的、權威的、公正的監察機關，對全面實現依法治國，全面深化改革，全面從嚴治黨具有重要意義。然而，中國大陸貪污腐敗的現象依舊沒有得到很好的改善，從中央到地方仍面臨著腐敗帶來的嚴峻挑戰，未來大陸的反腐倡廉工作任重而道遠。國家監察委員會監察範圍涵蓋面廣，其組織結構的設計為何?在未來運作上如何能充分行使權力，不受外界因素干擾,有效地遏制腐敗現象產生,都是值得深入探究的問題。同時，面對權力的誘惑，又該如何對其進行監督，將會是未來國家監察委員會工作中面臨到的難題與挑戰。本文以大陸監察體制改革下設立的的國家監察委員會為主要研究對象，在吸納了國內外眾多理論和實踐研究的基礎上，從結構功能主義視角下對我國反腐敗領導體制進行系統研究，通過帕森斯（Talcott Parsons）的AGIL功能分析框架，即「適應」、「目標達成」、「整合」、「模式維持」作為研究構面，主要採用文獻研究法，對中國大陸國家監察委員會進行分析，並相應提出了完善大陸反腐敗領導體制和監察委員會完善運作的前提和路徑。

關鍵字

監察體制改革；國家監察委員會； AGIL模型；結構功能論

並列摘要

With the increasingly serious corruption problem and the strengthening efforts of anti-corruption, China launched the discipline inspection and supervision system reform in 2016 and aimed to build a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient national inspection system. At the first meeting of the 13th National People's Congress of CCP on March 11, 2018, the "Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China" was passed, and the National Supervisory Committee, a brand new national supervisory authority, was established. The new supervision system was mandated by People's Republic of China Supervision Law. The establishment of the National Supervisory Committee has integrated the anti-corruption supervision resources of the mainland in the past, forming a new, independent, authoritative and fair supervisory institution, which is of great significance for the full realization of the rule of law, the penetrating of reforms, and the strict management of CCP. However, the phenomenon of corruption in China is still endless, and it also faces severe challenges from corruption from central government to local agencies. The future work of anti-corruption and advocating anti-corruption in China has a long way to go. It’s a wide range of supervision that the National Supervision Commission takes in charge. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the following questions. What is the design of its organizational structure? How can it exercise its full power in future operations without interference from external factors, and effectively curb the occurrence of corruption, all of which are worthy of researching. At the same time, in the face of the temptation of power, how to supervise it will be the difficulties and challenges in the work of the National Supervision Committee in the future. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the National Supervisory Committee established under the reform of the Chinese supervisory system and on the basis of adopting many theoretical and practical studies, systematically studies Chinese anti-corruption leadership system from the perspective of structural functionalism. Talcott Parsons' AGIL functional analysis framework, namely "adaptation", "goal attainment ", "integration", and " latency pattern maintenance " as research dimensions, were applied to analyze the National Supervision Committee of China. Suggestions for practice and recommendations to future studies were proposed to improve the Chinese anti-corruption leadership system and the supervision committee's operation.