- 學位論文
應用於土壤渠槽試驗之人工降雨試驗模擬
A Study on Artificial Rainfall Simulation Applied to the Soil Erosion Flume
摘要
本研究接續前期研究楊凱翔(2017)所開發之土壤沖蝕渠槽試驗，將其規劃繪製草圖進行實體化，並與製作廠商討論儀器各細部內容，且周延儀器各項目之規劃，其包含:裝置設施功能確定、設施材料確定、設施尺寸確定、費用成本估算、場地區位規劃等，後續規劃其標準作業程序，包含:試驗裝置架設及組裝作業程序、人工降雨率定作業程序，並進行人工降雨率定作業，利用壓克力組合板於單位時間內接收水量，推算其降雨強度與降雨均勻係數，其改變參數有三項:1.加壓馬達強度、2.降雨高度、3.降雨噴頭開關配置，本次率定試驗進行3種不同降雨落高(1.2m、1.8m、2.4m)，調整6種不同加壓馬達強度(15kg/cm2、25 kg/cm2、35kg/ cm2、45kg/ cm2、55kg/ cm2、65kg/ cm2)，且進行降雨噴頭全開與半開配置(噴頭間距分別為14cm及28cm)，每次試驗重複進行3次共計108組試驗，率定出本試驗裝置可進行試驗之降雨強度為:25mm/hr~140mm/hr，其降雨均勻係數率定結果為1.8m之試驗最佳，可達80%以上，且後續進行假定試驗，初步模擬砂洲侵蝕且探討降雨強度與土壤流失量之關係，其外在營力設計參考率定結果，分別進行55mm/hr與80mm/hr兩次試驗，固定其試驗坡度30度及試驗時間為50分鐘，使用試體為淡江大學土壤力學試驗室#191標準砂土，其ASTM土壤分類為SP砂土，試驗模型:坡長60cm、坡高:15cm、坡寬:50cm，填砂時計算其相對密度約為43%，兩次試驗結果顯示:設計降雨強度與土壤流失量為一正比關係，驗證本研究所開發外在營力為可行性之試驗。
並列摘要
This study is based on a previous study of the soil erosion flume test developed by Yang K. (2017). Design drawings as suggested by Yang K. (2017) are applied in this current research. The details of the equipment design are passed on and discussed with the manufacturer, including such details as, part selection, functionality, dimensions, cost, location planning and so on. Subsequently, standard operating procedures including, test device assembly and accommodation for artificial rainfall are also discussed. With regards to the artificial rainfall, an acrylic sheet setup is utilized and water volume per unit time is determined; the rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity coefficient are then calculated. Three parameters studied: 1. Variation of intensity of the pressurized motor, 2. Rainfall height, 3. Rain nozzle outflow configuration. The test was carried out for three different rainfall drop heights (1.2m, 1.8m, 2.4m), six different pressure intensities (15kg/cm2, 25kg/cm2, 35kg/cm2, 45kg/cm2, 55kg/cm2, 65kg/cm2), and a rain nozzle configuration of fully opened and half-opened for which the nozzle spacing is 14cm and 28cm respectively. Each test is repeated three times resulting in a total of 108 groups of tests. It was found that the proposed model is suitable for rainfall intensities in the range of 25mm/hr. - 140mm/hr., and that the uniformity coefficient is best at a rainfall height of 1.8m, reaching up to 80% and above. A subsequent hypothetical test is carried out to simulate sand erosion. The relationship between rainfall intensity and soil loss is discussed. The external force design reference was determined by two tests of 55mm/hr. and 80mm/hr. respectively. For the hypothetical case study, the test model was given a slope fixed at an angle of 30 degrees; the test duration was 50 minutes. The soil sample used was the #191 standard sand obtained from the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of Tamkang University; its ASTM soil classification is SP sand. Test model dimensions: slope length 60cm, slope height 15cm, slope width 50cm. Relative density of the sand is estimated at about 43% during placement of the soil sample. The results of the two tests show that the design rainfall intensity is directly proportional to the soil loss, thereby verifying the feasibility of this test.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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