素養導向「代間同樂共學桌遊」之設計與評估研究

由於臺灣面臨人口老化及少子化的問題與挑戰，相較於其他的國家更顯險峻，照顧和關懷老人成為迫切而重要的課題。本研究目的在讓不同世代的學童和老年人能夠彼此主動關心與尊重，讓國小學童能從接觸與關心家中的長者作為起點，發揮同理心進而擴延到生活周遭的長者，讓「關懷老人」不再只是課堂裡的一個概念或口號。十二年國民基本教育課程總綱強調素養導向的課程與教學，以「學習者」為中心出發，重視學習與生活結合，以及學習的歷程及實踐力行後的自我反思，最終能形構出新的理解或凝煉出新的知識。本研究依循此素養導向理念進行桌遊產品的設計與研究，以學童和長者為學習的主體，整合社會領域、健康與體育領域及綜合活動領域，以及生命教育、品格教育及家庭教育等議題中有關老化概念及關懷尊重老年人等重要學習內容。並採取設計本位研究法（Design-Based Research, DBR），研究結果設計出一套適合國小學童與老人能夠同樂共學的桌遊，包括認知、人際、生理、心理等不同需求層面的多元活動，讓學童和長者一起活動身體，相互逗樂，在互動中有語言的交流、肢體的接觸、眼神的交會、經驗的分享等，彼此覺察過往所忽視的面向，讓雙方有機會重溫或體驗對方的生活經驗，促進彼此的認識。參與活動的學童透過實際參與，不僅認識老人的生理和心理的變化，在活動中也更了解自己，產生尊重與關懷老人或弱勢者的情懷，在互動中進而思考與澄清之前對老人的理解，能將與老人相處的經驗延伸至日常生活中尊重與關懷老人，對未來代間的溝通產生正面的助益。

關鍵字

設計本位研究法；素養導向；關懷老人；代間；同樂共學；桌遊

並列摘要

Due to the problems and challenges of population aging and low birth rate in Taiwan are much more dangerous and difficulty than other countries, the concerns and caring of elderly would be an important and urgent issue currently. The purpose of this study is to enable children and seniors of different generations to take the initiative to care and respect each other, so that the children can use the elders who are in contact with and care for the family initially, and then empathize and extend to the other elders, and make the "care elderly” is no longer just a concept or slogan in the classroom. The outline of the 12-year National Basic Education Curriculum emphasizes the competence orientation curriculum and teaching. It was initiated from the “learner" concept and appreciates the combination of learning and living style, as well as the learning process and self-reflection after practice finally. We propose this design and research of a board game product with the concept on competence orientation, with children and elders as the learning subjects, integrating the contents about aging concept, elderly caring and respecting issue with social fields, health and sports fields and comprehensive activities. Finally, a set of board games based on the Design-Based Research (DBR) that suitable for the children and elderly to learn and play together, this multi-activity for the variety needs which including cognitive, interpersonal, physiological and psychological. Children and elderly can exercise and having fun together, and there are language exchanges, physical contact, eye contact, experience sharing, etc. are occurred in the interactive process. This is increasing the awareness of their neglected aspects of the past, in order to have the new opportunity to revisit or experience each other. The children can recognize the physical and psychological changes of the elderly by the participation in the activities, also construct a self-understanding and generate the feelings of respecting and caring for the elderly or the disadvantaged. It extends the experience of getting along with respecting and caring for the elderly in daily life, and it also will make a more positive benefits for intergeneration of communication in the future.