以「探索校園」主題課程提升幼兒觀察力之行動研究

本研究旨在探討以「探索校園」主題課程提升幼兒觀察力之實施成效。本研究採用行動研究法，以研究者任教班級之五至六歲27名幼兒為研究對象。研究者依據研究目的設計觀察力課程，在教學實施後分析資料，包含教學週誌、訪談、教學錄影、觀察評量表、幼兒作品、家長回饋等。本研究之研究結論如下：一、探索校園主題課程能提升幼兒使用正確觀察方法的能力：透過討論與多次的觀察力活動練習後，幼兒學會有順序性地觀察，會注意到更多的細節。活動中讓幼兒運用多種感官進行觀察，擴展幼兒的感官接觸及生活經驗。二、探索校園主題課程能提升幼兒表達或紀錄觀察結果的能力：幼兒表達觀察事物的口語能力有明顯進步，也會從觀察事物中進行推測或判斷。畫圖內容變得豐富並且能畫出更詳細的觀察內容。三、探索校園主題課程能提升幼兒樂於在生活中觀察的態度：透過許多的探索活動提升了幼兒對周遭事物有更多好奇心，會主動觀察並且能持續一段時間。幼兒會向成人提問或與同學討論，激發思考並想辦法解決。從家長回饋中也可得知幼兒喜愛觀察，並將觀察力運用在日常生活中。四、依幼兒興趣開展的延伸課程能提升幼兒學習動機與成就感：香草植物與蝴蝶成長課程是依幼兒興趣而發展的延伸課程，幼兒在學習中充滿喜悅與熱忱，遇到問題會主動尋求解答，在主動式的學習中獲得知識，讓幼兒從中得到滿滿成就感。五、教師在實施探索校園主題課程中獲得專業成長及省思：透過設計以及實施主題課程，幼兒有良好的學習成效、家長與協同教師的支持與肯定，教學者從中獲得成就感與專業成長。六、教師應具有足夠觀察力，並依幼兒學習狀況調整課程：實施歷程中除了評量幼兒的觀察力是否提升，研究者也要敏銳地去觀察幼兒的學習狀況。教師要了解幼兒的興趣與能力並隨時調整課程，依幼兒的興趣與能力為主軸進行的課程，才能符合幼兒的真正學習需求。最後根據本研究之結果發現，對現場教師及未來研究者提出具體的建議，以供參考。

關鍵字

主題課程；觀察力； 5-6歲幼兒

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of the " Exploring our Campus " thematic curriculum to enhance children's observation ability. This study adopted action research with 27 children aged 5 to 6 years old in the classroom taught by the researcher. The researcher designed the observation sessions according to the purpose of the study and analyzed the data after the sessions were implemented, including teaching journals, interviews, instructional videos, observation scales, children's work, and parent feedback. The conclusions of this study are as follows： 1. The " Exploring the Campus " thematic curriculum was able to enhance the ability of children to use proper observation methods. Through discussion and practice of observation activities, children learned to observe in a sequential manner and notice more details. The activities allowed children to use multiple senses to observe and expand their sensory exposure and life experience. 2. The " Exploring the Campus " thematic curriculum was able to enhance the ability of children to express or record their observations. Children showed significant improvement in their verbal ability to express their observations and to make inferences or judgments based on their observations. Children’s drawings showed rich and more detailed observation results. 3. The " Exploring the Campus " thematic curriculum was able to enhance children's willingness to observe in life. Through many exploratory activities, children became more curious about the things around them and took the initiative to observe and continue for a period of time. Children asked questions to adults or discussed with classmates which stimulated them to think and find solutions. The feedback from parents also showed that children like to observe and use their observation skills in daily life. 4. The extended courses based on children's interests was able to improve children's learning motivation and sense of achievement. The Herb Plants and Butterfly Growth course was the extended courses according to children's interests. Children were full of joy and enthusiasm in learning. When children had questions, they were able to actively seek answers. They acquired knowledge through active learning. Children got a lot of sense of achievement. 5. The teacher had grown professionally and reflected after implementing the "Explore our Campus" thematic curriculum. Through the design and implementation of the thematic curriculum, the children had good learning outcomes, parents and cooperating teachers were supportive and affirming, and teachers gained a sense of accomplishment and professional growth. 6. Teachers should have sufficient observation and adjust the curriculum according to the learning status of children. In addition to assessing whether children's observational skills have improved, researchers must be sensitive to how children learn during implementation. Teachers need to understand children's interests and abilities and adjust the curriculum at any time. A curriculum that is based on children's interests and abilities will meet the true learning needs of children. Finally, based on the results of this study, this study proposed suggestions for teachers and future researchers as a reference.