日本憲法第九條爭議之研究—以法理爭議為中心—

和平主義乃世界發展之潮流，而日本憲法第九條規定：「日本國民誠實希求以正義與秩序為基本之國際和平。永久放棄以國權發動之戰爭，以及以武力威嚇或行使武力，作為解決國際紛爭之手段。為達前項目的，不保持陸海空軍及其他戰力，不承認國家之交戰權」。更可謂劃時代之代表。但隨著韓戰爆發，日本實已走上再武裝之途，與日本憲法1947年施行當初，日本政府所採取之絕對和平主義：放棄包括自衛戰爭在內之一切戰爭、戰力及交戰權，產生矛盾現象。自衛隊與日美安保體制之存在，為長久以來圍繞著第九條爭議之所在。日本之自衛隊雖未以軍隊命名，然而實際上其組織及裝備已無異為日本之三軍，此事實顯然已違反憲法第九條第二項不保持陸海空軍及其他戰力之規定。而依據日美安保條約規定而駐留之美軍，及日本政府依安保條約規定而提供其駐日基地及一切設施之事實，亦有違反憲法第九條之質疑。隨著自衛隊實力之不斷精進及日美安保體制之確立，日本早已躍居軍事強國之林。在現實政治與憲法第九條規定明顯牴觸之現象，長久來成為日本各界爭議之焦點。本文即針對法理爭議之部份作為探討之主題。逾半世紀以來，日本憲法第九條和平之大義，乃藉由條文解釋及規避正面衝突來維繫。欲尋求憲法第九條爭議之根本解決之道，修改憲法第九條，明文規定自衛戰力之保有，應為一條可行之路。日本展望未來，欲扮演更積極之世界和平角色，取得眾鄰國之信任，在國際輿論上獲得一定程度之支持，當為首要之務。

關鍵字

憲法第九條；法理爭議；放棄戰爭；自衛隊；日美安保

並列摘要

Pacifism is the trend of world development, it states clearly in the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution：「Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.」 which illustrate perfectly. But following with Korea War, Japan rearmed again, and it conflicts with what absolute Pacifism Japanese government takes in 1947 of performing Constitution of Japan: To give up every military forces of war, war power and war declare power as well as self-defense war. Existence of self-defense troops and US-Japan Defense System, is the contention of Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution for quite a long time. Though self-defense troops of Japan is not named as army, but the whole military structure and equipment could regard as the Armed-forces of Japan, this fact obvious against the second clause of the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution – Do not keep any Armed–forces and other military forces. The stationed US-army stay according US-Japan Defense System, and the fact of all military supplies & facilities supported by Japanese government according to US-Japan Defense System, also against the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution. Following the improving forces of self-defense troops and firmly of US-Japan Defense System, Japan becomes one of the powerful military countries in nowdays. Between actual politics and conflicts of against the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution, how to solve or compromise becomes constant contentions in internal Japan. This thesis is focus on the contention of the legal principle as research object. Over half century, the meaning of peace in the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution, is bonded by clause explanation and how avoid actual clashes. How to solve the contention of the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution, to amend the Ninth Article of Japanese Constitution to allow to keep the military forces of self-defense should be workable. In now and the future of Japan, to be more active performance to show world peace, to gain wide friendship from other countries, to acquire certain support internationally, all leads to the first priority to do so.