臺灣所得不均之研究：空間計量方法應用

所得分配議題是每一個政府都需面對的課題，所得不均的擴大會造成社會的階級對立增加、百姓消費能力下降、人民的健康程度下降與社會的犯罪上升等各式的社會問題。台灣的所得分配在1980年前隨著經濟的成長呈現平均化的趨勢，但自1980年後所得分配開始惡化，所得最不均的時期出現在2000年，自2000年後台灣所得不均呈現上下震盪但有緩慢惡化的趨勢。過去台灣關於所得不均的研究大多聚焦在貿易全球化、產業結構改變與各項國內因素上，鮮少有文獻考慮到台灣所得不均地理上的空間效果，但台灣的交通發達，人口流動頻繁，跨縣市的商貿、教育、文化交流已是常態，因此需考慮空間效果以降低研究之偏誤。本研究以台灣縣市合併後2011年-2019年各縣市的資料，探討國內影響台灣所得不均的因素與所得不均的空間外溢效果。實證結果為台灣的所得不均具有正向且顯著的空間外溢效果，既在台灣所得不均程度越高的縣市其鄰近縣市的所得不均程度也會較高，而所得分配較平均的其鄰近縣市的所得分配情況也會相較得平均。除此之外，提升民眾的平均消費傾向有助於降低台灣各縣市的所得不均程度。

關鍵字

所得不均；空間計量迴歸

並列摘要

Nowadays, the problem of global income inequality is getting more and more serious, every government needs to think about how to reduce the expansion of income inequality. The expansion of income inequality will cause various social problems such as the increase of class antagonism in the society, the decline of people's spending power, the decline of people's health, and the rise of social crimes. Before 1980, Taiwan's economy grew fast. At the same time, Taiwan’s income distribution has become equalized. But Since 1980, the income distribution of Taiwan began to deteriorate rapidly. After 2000, income distribution in Taiwan has been slowly deteriorating. In the past, most of the literature that researched on Taiwan income inequality was concerned about how trade globalization, changes in industrial structure, and various domestic factors affect Taiwan income distribution. The research about Taiwan income distribution does not seem to mention the impact of different geographical locations. However, Taiwan’s transportation is developed and population flows are frequent. Commerce, education, and cultural exchanges across counties and cities are the norm, so spatial effects need to be considered when we are researching Taiwan’s income distribution. This study uses data from counties and cities in Taiwan from 2011 to 2019 to explore how different geographical locations affect Taiwan income distribution. The empirical results show that income inequality in Taiwan has a positive and significant spatial spillover effect. It means that the counties and cities with higher income inequality in Taiwan will have higher income inequality in neighboring counties and cities, and the income distribution will be more even. The income distribution of surrounding counties and cities will also be relatively even. In addition, increasing the average propensity to consume can reduce income inequality in Taiwan.