議會內閣制國家之選舉制度對政黨體系影響之研究─以日本、英國、德國為主

The Study of the Influence on the Political Party Systems by the Election Systems in the Parliamentary System of Government States - Japan, U. K. and Germany -

小笹光伸(Mitsunobu Ozasa)

指導教授 ： 胡慶山

淡江大學/國際研究學院/日本研究所碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.01033

摘要

於1 9 9 9 年， 公明黨加入自民黨的聯合政權以後， 誕生了以自民黨、公明黨為中心的執政黨與以民主黨為中心的在野黨所產生的日本政黨體系。在本論文中稱之為「19 9 9 年體制」。 當「1 9 5 5 年體制」時， 構成優勢一黨制的日本政黨體系， 在於9 9 年體制下將會變成何種的政黨體系呢？ 基於政黨體系理論探討之後， 闡明了日本政黨體系的現況目前在兩黨制政黨體系與溫和多黨制政黨體系之間搖擺不定的情況。 本論文中假定其原因在於第三政黨為公明黨的存在， 首先透過分析 選舉的一些數據驗證公明黨對於自民黨的影響力， 然後以「比例席次推測基數」的新公式探討公明黨對民主黨的影響力。 再者， 針對英國與德國之兩國的政黨體系， 以選舉制度與第三政黨 為中心討論， 提出日本政黨體系的課題與展望。 關於日本政黨體系的課題， 指出選舉制度造成扭曲民意結構的事 實， 以「尊重民意」的觀點來論證在日本再次改革選舉制度的意義。 另外， 透過模擬分析探討再次改革選舉制度對於日本政黨體系的影 響，提倡目前採取的分立式單一選區兩票制改為聯立式單一選區兩票制。 關於日本政黨體系未來的展望， 只要現在的選舉制度與公明黨的影 響力仍然繼續存在， 在日本就不可能出現英國模式的兩黨制政黨體系，而是形成德國模式的溫和多黨制政黨體系， 這是本論文的結論。 最後， 針對臺灣政黨體系的現狀， 以分析選舉為中心觀察了解， 探討臺灣構成了兩黨制政黨體系的原因。

關鍵字

1 9 9 9 年體制 ； 內閣制 ； 選舉制度 ； 政黨體系 ； 第三政黨 ； 民意

並列摘要

In 1999, New Clean Government Party (CGP) joined the coalition government with Liberal Democratic Party
of Japan (LDP). Then we could see new structure of Japanese political party system that is antagonism between
the ruling party and the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). In this thesis call that “The 1999 System.”
Firstly, Japanese political party system that had formed predominant party system in “The 1955 System,” how
would be change? It emerged that the present conditions of Japanese political party system is “shaking” between
two-party system and moderate pluralism, after the verification it based on the theory of political party system.
In this thesis supposed that it factor is existence of CGP, and emerged CGP is the most influence political party to
LDP through analysis of the elections. Then presentations “Estimative Cardinal Number of Proportional-representation Constituency Seat,” emerged that CGP is also the most influence political party to DPJ besides.
Secondly, focused on the election systems and the 3rd political parties, and discussed the U. K. and German
political party systems, after that demonstrated the issues and the prospects of Japanese political party system.
We represented the fact that the feeling of people is distorted cause of the election system, and from the
stand-point “respect the feeling of people,” demonstrated significance of the election system reform in Japan as
the issues of Japanese political party system. Moreover through analysis of the simulation, emerged the impact
on Japanese political party system cause of the election system reform. Then suggested that change-over the
small-constituency system to the proportional representation system.
We concluded that Japanese political party system would not be change to two-party system as U. K. model, and would be change to moderate pluralism as the prospects of Japanese political party system as German model as far as continue the present election system and the power of CGP.
Finally, focused on analysis of the election, and examined for the present conditions of the Taiwanese political
party system, after that emerged the factor that Taiwan political party system changed to two-party system.

並列關鍵字

The 1999 System ； the parliamentary system of government ； the election system ； the Political Party Systems ； 3rd political party ； the feeling of people

參考文獻

参考文献

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